Commento su Bikkurim 1:6
הַקּוֹנֶה שְׁתֵּי אִילָנוֹת בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. יָבַשׁ הַמַּעְיָן, נִקְצַץ הָאִילָן, מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. מֵעֲצֶרֶת וְעַד הֶחָג, מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. מִן הֶחָג וְעַד חֲנֻכָּה, מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא:
Chi compra due alberi nel [campo] di un compagno, porta ma non recita. Il rabbino Meir dice che uno porta e recita. Se la primavera si è asciugata o l'albero è stato tagliato, uno porta ma non recita. Il rabbino Giuda dice che uno porta e recita. Da Atseret fino a Sukkot [la terza festa di pellegrinaggio in autunno], si porta e si recita. Da Sukkot fino a Hanukkah, uno porta ma non recita. Il rabbino Judah ben Beteira dice, uno porta e recita.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
מביא ואינו קורא – It is doubtful to the first Teacher [of our Mishnah] if he purchased the land or not,=; therefore, it is doubtful that he brings [the First Fruits] and he does not recite [the formula] {Deuteronomy 26:5-10) when there is a doubt. And specifically [referring to] two trees, but concerning three trees, everyone admits that he brought the land and that he brings [the First Fruits] and recites [the formula]. (Deuteronomy 26:5-10), as is taught at the end of this chapter.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Introduction
Today’s mishnah contains three more instances of a person who brings but does not recite. In each of these cases one of the other rabbis disputes the sages’ opinion and says that the person both brings the bikkurim and makes the recitation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
רבי מאיר אומר: מביא וקורא – For he thinks that a person who purchases two trees also purchased the land that is underneath them and outside of them as far as the light and his basket, and the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
One who buys two trees [that had grown] in property belonging to his fellow brings bikkurim but does not recite the declaration. Rabbi Meir says: he brings and recites. When a person buys two standing trees from his friend, the land is not de facto included in the sale (see Bava Batra 5:4). Since he does not own the land and he just owns the fruit, he doesn’t recite the declaration. Rabbi Meir says that he does acquire the land when he buys two trees and therefore, he does make the declaration.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
יבש המעין – If the tree is alive and growing from it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
If the well dried up, or the tree was cut down, he brings but does not recite. Rabbi Judah says: he brings and recites. If the well from which he watered his trees dried up, it is as if he doesn’t have land. Water seems to have been so scarce and valuable that without water, the land really doesn’t mean very much. In such a case he will bring bikkurim, but not make the declaration. Similarly, if the tree from which the fruit grew was cut down, he doesn’t recite the declaration because the tree is not attached to the land anymore. It is as if the fruit no longer has land. Rabbi Judah disagrees and says that in both of these cases he does make the recital because after all, the land does still exist and he still owns it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
נקצץ האילן – And it became dry and was cut prior to separating out the First Fruits. But if he first separated out the First Fruits, since they appeared [ready] for the reading (of Deuteronomy 26:5-10), and it was postponed, the fruit will rot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
From Atzeret ( until the Festival (of he brings and recites. From Shavuot until Sukkot, which is the harvest time in the land of Israel, is the preferred time for bringing first fruits. One who brings at this time can make the declaration.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
ר' יהודה אומר: מביא וקורא – Since the land exists, we don’t worry about the tree. And the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
From the Festival (of and until Hannukah he brings, but does not recite. Rabbi Judah ben Batera says: he brings and recites. Between Sukkot and Hannukah, which is about two months, some fruits are still left over in the trees. Therefore, he can bring bikkurim, but he can’t make the declaration. Rabbi Judah ben Batera says that as late as Hannukah, he can still bring the first fruit. After Hannukah, one can’t bring bikkurim until the following Shavuot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
מן החג ועד חנוכה מביא ואינו קורא – As is it written in the portion of the First Fruits (Deuteronomy 26:11): “And you shall enjoy, [together with the Levite and the stranger in your midst], all the bounty that LORD your God has bestowed upon you and your household.” There is no recitation [of the First Fruits formula] other than at the time of joy – from Shavuot up until The Festival (Sukkot), when a person collects his grain and fruits and rejoices in them. From Sukkot and onwards, even though much fruit is collected until Hanukkah, nevertheless, the “rejoicing” of that year has already been completed during Sukkot. Therefore, he rings the fruit, but does not recite [the First Fruit passage], and from Hanukkah onwards, he does not bring [the First Fruits] at all, as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:2): “…which you harvest from the land that the LORD your God is giving you…” All the while that they are found on the land [they bring], and until Hanukkah they are found [on the land].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
ר"י אומר: מביא וקורא – For he (Rabbi Yehuda) does not expound on “and you shall enjoy” (Deuteronomy 26:11), at the time of enjoying/rejoicing. And the Halakha does not follow the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda.
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