Le surplus de terumah [c'est-à-dire ce qui reste dans les paniers de Rosh Chodesh Nissan, lorsque les offrandes sont apportées de la nouvelle terumah] —Qu'est-ce qu'on en fait? Superposition de plaque d'or (est achetée) pour le saint des saints [pour le sol et les murs.] R. Yishmael dit: Le surplus de fruits est pour «l'été de l'autel». [R. Yishmael est cohérent avec son point de vue, ci-dessus, selon lequel avec les restes de la lishkah, le vin, l'huile et la farine sont achetés. Le profit de leur vente s'appelle «le surplus des fruits», c'est-à-dire leur gain sur les fruits qu'ils ont achetés. ("l'été de l'autel" :) Quand l'autel est inactif, les holocaustes sont achetées à partir de ce surplus. Tout comme les douceurs sont mises sur la table après le repas, de même, après les offrandes obligatoires du jour, ces holocaustes sont apportées (quand il n'y a pas de vœux et d'offrandes de cadeaux et que l'autel est inactif)] et le surplus du terumah est pour le ministère des navires. [R. Yishmael explique (II Chroniques 24:14): "… ce qui restait de l'argent, et ils en firent des vases pour la maison du Seigneur." Quel argent a des restes? La terumah de la lishkah.] R. Akiva dit: Le surplus de la terumah est pour «l'été de l'autel», [il (la terumah de la lishkah) ayant été séparé aux fins des offrandes], et le surplus de les libations sont destinées à servir les vaisseaux. [Les trésoriers du Temple fourniraient de l'argent aux marchands de vin, d'huile et de farine pour leur fournir les besoins des offrandes de repas et des libations de l'année entière. Si un commerçant acceptait de fournir trois sa'ah pour un sela et que le prix du marché devenait quatre sa'ah pour un sela, il devait donner quatre sa'ah, et cette (supplémentaire) sa'ah est appelée "le surplus de libations. " Aussi, quand ils «mesuraient» à hekdesh, ils le feraient amplement, (et le trésorier mesurerait frugalement.) La mesure suffisante est appelée «le surplus de libations». Il serait utilisé pour les vases de ministère, les libations étant consacrées dans des vases de ministère.] R. Chananiah, l'adjudant grand-prêtre, dit: Le surplus de libations est pour «l'été de l'autel» [pour les libations et les brûlés -les offres sont complètement consommées], et le surplus de la terumah est pour les vaisseaux du ministère. Les deux [R. Akiva et R. Chanina] n'ont pas concédé en ce qui concerne les "fruits" [comme le dit R. Akiva plus haut: "On ne fait pas de commerce de hekdesh". La conclusion est que, par condition de beth-din, tous les surplus sont destinés aux holocaustes; et c'est la halakha.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מותר תרומה – that is what remains in the boxes/baskets on Rosh Hodesh Nisan, for then we bring sacrifices from the new sacred donations.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Introduction
Whereas in yesterday’s mishnah we learned what they did with the surplus from the shekels which remained in the chamber after the appropriation had been made, today’s mishnah teaches what they would do with the surplus of the appropriation itself. For instance, when the first of Nisan comes along they would begin to buy public sacrifices with a new appropriation, so what did they do with money left over from the old appropriation?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
צפוי לבית קדש הקדשים – for the floor and the walls.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
What was done with the surplus of the appropriation? [They would buy] plates of gold for covering the interior of the Holy of Holies. According to the first opinion, the extra money from the appropriation would be used to buy plates of gold to cover the walls and ceiling of the Holy of Holies.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מותר פירות – Rabbi Yishmael, according to his reasoning, who said above that the surplus of the leftovers of the chamber, we purchase with them wines, oils and fine flour and the income that we make through them is called "מותר הפירות"/surplus of the gains of the produce – that is to say, what remained and was earned from the produce that they bought.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Rabbi Ishmael says: the surplus [from the sale] of the produce was used for the altar’s ‘dessert’, and the surplus of the appropriation was used for the ministering vessels. Rabbi Ishmael says that the surplus from the appropriation was used to buy ministering vessels. He holds that since this money was intended to be used for sacrifices it can also be used to buy the vessels which are used in offering the sacrifices. In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that with the money left in the chamber Rabbi Ishmael said they should buy wines, oils and flours and sell them for a profit. Here he says that the profit is used for the altar’s “dessert.” This refers to wholly burnt offerings that they would offer on the altar when there were no other sacrifices to be offered. This is like a “dessert” for the hungry altar.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
קיץ למזבח – when the altar is idle, we bring from them burnt offerings like the manner of human beings to bring up all kinds of sweets on to the table at the conclusion of the meal, so to, after they have completed bringing the obligatory [offerings] of the day, they bring these burnt offerings, when there are no votive or freewill offerings and the altar is idle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Rabbi Akiba says: the surplus of the appropriation was used for the altar’s ‘dessert’, and the surplus of the libations was used for the ministering vessels. Rabbi Akiva says that “dessert” for the Temple comes from the surplus of the appropriation. The ministering vessels, on the other hand, were bought from the surplus of libations. This refers to extra flour and wine which were bought to make libations. The “extra” can happen when merchants promise to provide three seahs worth of flour for a sela (a coin). If the price of flour goes down to four seahs for a sela, the merchants have to bring four seahs, even though only three seahs are to be consecrated as libations. The Temple’s treasurers can sell the extra seah and with the profit pay for the ministering vessels.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מותר תרומה לכלי שרת (see Chapter 3, Mishnah 2 of Tractate Shekalim) – a Biblical verse is expounded regarding this (II Chronicles 24:14): “[When they had finished, they brought] the money that was left over [to the king and Jehoiada (the High Priest); it was made into utensils for the House of the LORD,” What is the money that has leftovers? I would state that this is the sacred donations to the chamber.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Rabbi Hananiah the chief of the priests says: the surplus of the libations was used for the altar’s ‘dessert’, and the surplus of the appropriation was used for the ministering vessels. Rabbi Hananiah, the chief of priests, has yet another opinion about what to do with the extra money (doesn’t everyone love extra money!). His opinion is an opposite version of Rabbi Akiva’s. I find it interesting that we have here a priest, someone who would seemingly have known very well what went on in the Temple, and yet his opinion does not count any more than any of the other rabbi’s opinion.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מותר תרומה לקיץ המזבח – for the needs of the sacred donations that were separated.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Neither of these [two sages] allowed [a profit from the sale of] the produce. The mishnah ends by noting that both Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Hananiah agree that they don’t use the shekels to buy produce and then sell it to make a profit, as was the opinion of Rabbi Ishmael. It seems that the editor of the mishnah strongly disagrees with Rabbi Ishmael and hence wishes to emphasize that all of the other sages disagree with him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מותר נסכים – the treasurers of the Temple treasury would furnish money to the owners of the wine, oils and fine flour to provide for the meal-offerings and libations all year. But if he (i.e., the owner) accepted upon himself to provide three Se’ah for a Sela and it (i.e., the going market price) stood at four Se’ah for a Sela, it was necessary for him to give four Se’ah and that Se’ah was the surplus from the libations. For just as they measure for the Temple treasury, so would measure that was cut through from end to end and overflowing. But the treasurer would erase the measure that was cut through from end to end which is called the surplus from the libations and make of them vessels of the ministry that the libations would be sanctified in vessels of the ministry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מותר נסכים לקיץ המזבח – when the libations ran out and the burnt offerings ran out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
זה וזה – Rabbi Akiba and Rabbi Hanina.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
לא היו מודים בפירות – just as Rabbi Akiba said above (Mishnah three of this chapter): They may not make profit from sacred property, and the conclusion is that it is a condition of the Jewish court regarding the surpluses that all of them should be offered as burnt offerings, and this is the Halakha.
