Não há diferença entre um grande bamah (monte de sacrifício) e um pequeno bamah, mas pesachim (ofertas de Pesach). [Isto, quando o bamoth foi permitido. Um grande bamah é um monte de sacrifícios congregacional, como o de Nov e Giveon. Um pequeno bamah é aquele que cada indivíduo cria para si. Pesachim e todas (ofertas) como pesachim, ou seja, ofertas obrigatórias com um horário determinado, como temidim e mussafim (são oferecidos em um bamah grande, mas não em um pequeno); mas ofertas obrigatórias sem tempo determinado, como o boi do esquecimento da congregação e as cabras por idolatria (inconsciente) não foram oferecidas nem mesmo em um grande bamah.] Esta é a regra: tudo o que for prometido e doado pode ser oferecido bamah (pequeno); o que não é jurado e doado não pode ser oferecido em um bamah.
Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
אין בין במה גדולה – it is dealing with the time when [personal] altars are permitted. The large altar is the communal altar, which was in Nob and Giv’on.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
Introduction
Before the Temple in Jerusalem was built it was permitted to build personal altars and offer sacrifices on them. At this time period there were also communal altars. The personal altars are called “small altars” whereas the communal altars are called “great altars”. The “great altar” is referred to in I Kings 3:2, “The people, however, continued to offer sacrifices at altars, because up to that time no house had been built for the name of the Lord. The king went up to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for that was the great altar…”
Our mishnah outlines the differences that existed in this time period between great, communal altars and personal, small altars.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
לבמה קטנה – of each and every individual person, for everyone would make an altar for himself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
There is no difference between a great altar and a small altar except for the pesach offering. An individual cannot sacrifice the pesah at his own altar, but rather must bring it to the communal altar. The Talmud explains that not only the pesah cannot be offered at the small altar, but all mandatory sacrifices as well. This is illustrated in the next section’s general principle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
אלא פסחים – and everything that is like the Passover sacrifices, that is, the obligations which had the set time for them like Passover; like, for example, the daily offerings and Musaf/additional offerings. But obligations that do not have for them a fixed/set time, such as the bullock for an unconscious sin of the community, and the goats for idolatry, even on the large altar they would not have been offered.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
This is the general principle: any animal which can be brought as a vow-offering or a freewill offering may be brought on a [small] altar, any animal which is not the object of a vow or a freewill-offering may not be brought on a [small] altar. Only voluntary offerings can be offered at a small altar. Mandatory offerings, such as the tamid, the musaf, the pesah, sin-offerings, guilt-offerings, holiday-related offerings and others, must be brought to the central altar.
