Aquele que troca um valor de sela em dinheiro do segundo dízimo [isto é, aquele que possui moedas de cobre do dinheiro de segundo dízimo (ma'aser sheni), e ele as troca por um sela de prata para levar a Jerusalém por causa da fardo do caminho] —Beth Shammai diz: Para todo o sela, moedas. [isto é, se ele vem trocá-los, ele troca todos eles e dá moedas (de cobre) para todo o sela.] E Beth Hillel diz: (Ele deve levar com ele) um siclo [meio sela] em prata e um shekel em moedas (de cobre). [Pois quando ele vier a Jerusalém, precisará de moedas imediatamente para comprar o que precisa comer; e se tudo correr para o cambista mudar (um sela inteiro para moedas de cobre), as moedas ficarão caras e o ma'aser sheni sofrerá uma perda. Portanto, eles devem levar consigo moedas (de cobre) para suas necessidades imediatas e, quando derem, ele deve trocar a prata que possui pouco a pouco.] R. Meir diz: Prata e frutas não devem ser resgatadas para a prata [isto é, se alguém tiver meio dinar de prata com dinheiro do segundo dízimo e frutos do segundo dízimo no valor de meio dinar, ele não deve combiná-los para trocá-los por um dinar.] E os sábios o permitem [nesse caso , combinando-o com frutas, já que ele tem apenas meio dinar de prata. Mas resgatar um dinar de prata e frutas no valor de um dinar por meio sela, que vale dois dinares—os sábios concordam que isso não deve ser feito. A halachá está de acordo com os sábios.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
הפורט סלע ממעות מעשר שני – whomever has Second Tithe copper coins and comes to exchange them for a silver Sela must come up to Jerusalem because of the burden of the path.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
One who changes for a sela copper coins from second tithe: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel say: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” Rabbi Meir says: “Silver and fruits may not be substituted for silver.” But the sages allow it. Second tithe, the second ten percent of agricultural products, was to be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there. If it was inconvenient to carry all of the second tithe produce to Jerusalem, one could redeem the produce with money and bring the money to Jerusalem. Our mishnah discusses a person who has already redeemed some second tithe and wishes to exchange his small copper coins for a larger more valuable silver coin, a sela, which will be easier to carry to Jerusalem. According to Beth Shammai, in order to do this he must have a whole sela’s worth of copper coin. If he has only half a sela’s worth of copper (=shekel) and he has a silver shekel (=1/2 sela) which is also of second tithe, he may not exchange the shekel and shekel’s worth of copper for a sela since it is forbidden to exchange silver second tithe for other silver second tithe. According to Beth Hillel, one is permitted to exchange a silver shekel and a shekel’s worth of copper coins for a sela. Although it is in general forbidden to exchange silver second tithe for other silver second tithe, since part of this exchange is copper, it is permitted. Rabbi Meir limits Beth Hillel’s opinion. Although it is permitted to exchange silver and copper for silver second tithe, it is forbidden to exchange fruit and silver for other silver. However, the Sages allow even this.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
בית שמאין אומרים בכל הסלע מעות – if one comes to exchange them, he can exchange all of them and give coins for the entire Sela.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
ובית הלל אומרים – he cannot exchange other than half of them, for when he comes to Jerusalem, he will need pennies/small coins immediately to purchase the needs of the meal, and if everyone would run to the money-changer to exchange, the small coins/pennies would increase in value and it would be found that the Second Tithe [value] would be lost. Therefore, he should bring small coins/pennies with them to spend partially, and when they run out, he can exchange the silver that is in his hand little by little. A Shekel is one-half of a Sela.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
אין מחללין כסף ופירות על כסף – Whomever has one-half a Denar of silver of [Second] Tithe, and produce of [Second] Tithe that are worth one-half a Denar, he should not combine them together to change for a Denar.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
וחכמים מתירים – In such a manner through combining produce, since he only has one-half a Denar of silver, but to exchange a silver Denar and produce that is worth a Denar for one-half a Sela whih two Denarim, the Sages admit that we do not exchange. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
