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Talmud do Berachot 8:2

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדָיִם:

Beth Shammai mówi: Najpierw umyto ręce, a potem nalano kielich z winem. [Bo jeśli powiesz, że najpierw nalewa się kielich z winem, być może krople spadną na zewnątrz kielicha i oswoją (rytualnie nieczyste) z powodu jego rąk. Bo ręce, zanim zostaną umyte, należą do tumah drugiego rzędu (nieczystości) i przekazują tumah pierwszego rzędu płynom, co z kolei oswaja zewnętrzną stronę kielicha. Płyny, które stały się oswojone, przenoszą tumę do naczyń na mocy rozporządzenia rabinicznego. Byli łagodni w stosunku do tego tumah, ponieważ jeśli zewnętrzna strona naczynia została oswojona przez nieczyste płyny, to ani jego wnętrze, ani jego ręce, ani jego brzeg nie zostały oswojone. A Beth Shammai uważa, że ​​zabronione jest używanie naczynia, którego zewnętrzna strona jest oswojona, mimo że jego wnętrze nie zostało oswojone—dekret, aby krople nie tryskały z jego wnętrza na zewnątrz kielicha, a krople oswajały z zewnątrz i z kolei nie wywoływały tumah na jego rękach. A ponieważ zabronione jest używanie naczynia, którego zewnętrzna strona jest oswojona, najpierw myje się ręce, a następnie wlewa się wino, aby krople na zewnątrz nie oswoiły się przez ręce i nie ujarzmiły zewnętrznej strony kielicha, a on używać kubka nielegalnie.] A Beth Hillel mówi: Najpierw nalewa się kielich, a potem myje ręce. [Beth Hillel uważa, że ​​nie jest zabronione używanie statku, którego zewnętrzna część jest oswojona. Dlatego najpierw nalewa filiżankę i pije, a potem myje ręce. Bo jeśli powiesz, że najpierw myje, a potem nalewa kielich, może się zdarzyć, że zewnętrzna strona kubka jest oswojona, wolno używać naczynia, którego zewnętrzna strona jest oswojona, i może być tak, że jego ręce nie są dokładnie wysuszone, tak, że zewnętrzna strona naczynia przekazuje tumah wodzie na jego rękach, a ta woda, stając się tumą pierwszego rzędu, z kolei ujarzmia jego ręce i je „splamionymi” rękami.]

Jerusalem Talmud Challah

Rebbi Abba, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: Nothing is clear except the seven fluids41The 7 fluids enumerated in Mishnah Makhširin 6:4: Dew, water, wine, oil, blood, milk, bee’s honey.. Rebbi Yose asked: Was this said for ḥallah42Does R. Joshua ben Levi disagree with the Mishnah and hold that only dough kneaded with one of the 7 fluids is subject to ḥallah? or for impurity? If you say for ḥallah, so much more for impurity. If you say for impurity, then not for ḥallah. It is obvious for Rebbi Jonah that it had been said for ḥallah, so much more for impurity. Rebbi Jonah sticks to his opinion, for Rebbi Jonah stated from Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai; Rebbi Joshua ben Levi stated in Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai’s name, as Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai stated: Rebbi Ṭarphon said, it is stated here43Num. 15:20. ḥallah, and it is stated there44Lev. 8:26. About the theory of invariable meaning of words, cf. Kilaim8, Note 4., a ḥallah of oil cake. Since the ḥallah mentioned there is prepared with oil, so the ḥallah prepared here must be prepared with oil. And oil is one of the seven fluids.
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Jerusalem Talmud Chagigah

HALAKHAH: Is hand-washing required for profane food162This is a discussion of impurity imparted by unwashed hands. The basic observation is that an impure person or object which touches anything susceptible to impurity imparts impurity of one degree lower. (However, the majority opinion is that fluids do not touch but merge, and therefore transmit impurity of the same degree as the acting material.) There are three stages of biblical impurity, “grandfather of impurity”, a corpse or a house in which there is a corpse, “original impurity”, anything touched by a corpse or (with a few exceptions) found in a house containing a corpse, and any other impurity described in the Torah, and “impurity in the first degree”, biblically imparted by contact with original impurity or rabbinically by contact with any impure fluid. The other stages are rabbinical; persons or food impure in stage n by touch impart impurity of stage n+1. The technical term is “impure” for anything able to impart impurity and “disqualified” for matters unusable because of impurity but not imparting impurity to others. Profane food may be impure in stage 1, it becomes disqualified (cannot be dedicated for any sacred use) in stage 2. Heave and Second Tithe (sacra not connected with the Temple) are impure in stages 1,2 and disqualified in stage 3. Temple sacra are impure in stages 1,2,3 and disqualified in stage 4.? But it must follow Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar, since Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar says, hand-washing is required for profane food. It is everybody’s opinion, so he should separate from heave163Since unwashed hands rabbinically are considered impure in stage two, handling heave with unwashed hands disqualifies it.. Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr, hands are first degree impure for profane food and second degree impure for heave164Touching with unwashed hands always disqualifies. Babli Ḥulin 33b; differently Tosephta Taharot 1:6.. Does Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar follow Rebbi Aqiba, as we have stated there165Mishnah Yadaim 3:1., “if somebody puts his hands into a leprous house166As described in Lev. 14:33–54. Bodily entrance into the house causes biblical impurity (vv. 46,47), standing outside and reaching into the house only causes rabbinic impurity., his hands are impure in the first degree, the words of Rebbi Aqiba, but the Sages are saying, his hands are impure in the second degree”? There, it follows the rabbis; what is their reason here? Since you tell him that his hands are impure in the second degree, he will separate from heave. But did they not decide about them because of fluids; then they should be impure in the first degree167Since unwashed hands touching any fluid make the fluid rabbinically impure in the first degree, it would be reasonable to consider unwashed hands as impure in the first degree.? It is an argument de minore ad majus. Since the Tevul Yom, which is a word from the Torah, only disqualifies168An impure person can qualify to eat sancta by first immersing himself in a miqweh, to remove his impurity, and then waiting until sundown, when he becomes pure (Lev. 22:6–7). The intermediate stage, no longer impure but not yet pure, is called Tevul Yom, “immersed during daytime”. Since the verse prohibits him to consume sacred food it is inferred that he also may not handle it. Since he is no longer impure, his touch cannot make impure. It is inferred that his touch disqualifies., impure hands, which are from their words, not so much more? Another explanation: Did they not decide about hands only that he should separate from heave? Since you tell him that his hands are impure in the second degree, he will separate from heave.
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