Komentarz do Terumot 7:5
שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת, אַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין, שֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, הֲרֵי אֲנִי אוֹמֵר, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה. אֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזוֹ הִיא שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא שֶׁל חֻלִּין, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן, פָּטוּר, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נוֹהֵג בָּהּ בִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטְרָהּ. אָכַל אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, פָּטוּר. אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, מְשַׁלֵּם כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן:
Gdyby były dwa kosze, jeden Terumah i jeden Chulin , i Se'ah [konkretna jednostka objętości] Terumah wpadł do jednego z nich, ale nie wiadomo, do którego spadł, oto mogę założyć, że miał wpadł w to z Terumah . [Jeśli] nie wiadomo, który był z Terumah, a który z Chulin , jeśli je z jednego z nich, jest zwolniony, a drugi [kosz] jest traktowany jak [gdyby był] Terumah i żąda Challah [ciasta, które musi być odłożyć dla kapłana], słowa rabina Meira. Ale rabin Yosi to robi. Jeśli inna osoba je z drugiego koszyka, jest zwolniona. Jeśli jeden człowiek zjadł jedno i drugie, musi spłacić według [wartości] mniejszego z nich.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
לתך על תרומה נפלה – and that of heave-offering is permitted, and specifically, with two bins, one of unconsecrated produce and one of heave-offering. We suspend heave-offering into heave-offering that fell that has a permission for two bins. But if one of them is unconsecrated produce and one of them are eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts/טבל, or First Tithe and similar kinds of things, we do not suspend that the heave-offering fell into eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts in order to permit the unconsecrated produce, for after that the eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts became totally prohibited to non-priests, and for why do you see it appropriate to prohibit this bin more than that one? And similarly, with ritually impure or ritually pure, we suspend with ritually impure or with something completely forbidden to non-Kohanim and that which is not completely forbidden to non-Kohanim we suspend with that which is completely forbidden to non-Kohanim? The general principle of the matter is that wherever that one is not spoiled/ruined, we suspend it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
The next three mishnayot deal with a case where there are two baskets of produce, one of terumah and one of hullin and it is unclear which basket he ate from. We should note that this mishnah is very lenient in these situations, and it always assumes that a person did not eat terumah, unless that assumption becomes impossible.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
אבל אחת מהן פטור – for perhaps he ate from unconsecrated produce.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If there were two baskets, one of terumah and one of hullin, and a seah of terumah fell into one of them, but it is not known into which, behold I can assume that it had fallen into that of the terumah. In this case the mishnah is lenient, and rules that we can assume that the terumah fell into the basket of terumah and that the basket of hullin is not a mix of terumah and hullin.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
וחייבת בחלה – for it is doubtful unconsecrated produce.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
[Two baskets] and it is not known which was of terumah and which of hullin, and he eats from one of them, he is exempt, and the second basket is treated as terumah and subject to the laws of hallah, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yose exempts it. In this case there is a doubt which basket is of terumah and which is of hullin. If a person eats from one of the baskets, then we can assume that that basket was the basket of hullin and he is exempt. This is the same rule as that in the previous section we assume that the basket he ate from had no terumah in it. The second basket has to be treated as terumah and can only be eaten by a priest. Nevertheless, if one comes to make bread from the grain of that basket, he must separate hallah (dough given to the priest) from it, even though terumah is exempt from hallah. The reason for this stringency is that this dough may not be terumah, in which case it is liable for hallah. Rabbi Yose disagrees and holds that the basket is treated as terumah and it is not liable for hallah. It seems that Rabbi Yose holds that we can look at the second basket the same way we looked at the first, and we can be lenient with both.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ורבי יוסי פוטר – for since he did not know it would be like something forbidden to non-Kohanim (i.e., the that which is Terumah mixed with unconsecrated produce) , which is exempt from Hallah. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi in all three segments of our Mishnah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If another person eats from the second basket he is exempt. If one man ate of both, he must repay the value of the smaller of the two. If another person ate from the second basket, he too is exempt, because each person can say that the other basket was the basket of terumah. However, if one person ate from both baskets, he has certainly eaten terumah and he must make repayment. When he repays he repays according to the smaller of the two baskets, assuming he ate all of both baskets. This is again a leniency because he can assume that the terumah was in the smaller basket.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
אכל – another person ate from the second [bin], he is exempt.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
כקטנה שבשניהם – to be lenient.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy