Jakie błogosławieństwo daje owoce? O owocach drzewa mówi: „Kto stwarza owoc z drzewa”—z wyjątkiem wina [(ze względu na jego odrębność przypisali mu szczególne błogosławieństwo, jak to zrobili z chlebem)], nad którym mówi: „Kto stwarza owoc winorośli”. O owocach ziemi mówi: „Kto stwarza owoce ziemi”—z wyjątkiem chleba, o którym mówi: „Który wyprowadza chleb z ziemi”. O warzywach mówi: „Kto stwarza owoce ziemi”. R. Juda mówi: „Kto stwarza różnorodne pastwiska”. [Albowiem wśród owoców ziemi są trawy i nasiona, takie jak strączek, a R. Juda żąda odrębnego błogosławieństwa dla każdego gatunku. Halacha nie jest zgodna z R. Yehudah. Jeśli chodzi o naszą naukę, że ktoś mówi „Kto tworzy owoce ziemi” dla warzyw, to odnosi się to do warzyw, które są na ogół spożywane na surowo i są spożywane na surowo lub które są ogólnie gotowane i spożywane po ugotowaniu. Ale dla tych, które są na ogół spożywane na surowo i są spożywane po ugotowaniu lub które są na ogół spożywane po ugotowaniu i są spożywane na surowo, mówi tylko „szakol”. A o warzywach, które są spożywane na surowo lub gotowane, mówi się: „Kto stwarza owoce ziemi”, czy je na surowo, czy po ugotowaniu].
Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
כיצד מברכין...חוץ מן היין – Since out of its importance (i.e., the wine), they (i.e., the Rabbis) established a blessing of its own.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Introduction According to halakhah it is forbidden to derive any benefit from the world without first acknowledging that the world belongs entirely to God, as it says in Psalms 24:1, “The word in its entirety is the Lord’s.” One acknowledges God’s ultimate ownership over the world by reciting a blessing before one derives benefit, mostly before one eats. Hence, the sixth chapter of Berakhot details what blessings one recites before eating various produce: fruits, vegetables, bread and wine. In my commentary I will give transliterations of the blessings, which might be familiar to many of you.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
בורא מיני דשאים – Since there is the midst the “fruit of the ground,” herbs and seeds such as pulse and Rabbi Yehuda requires a recognized blessing for each species/kind. But the Halakha does not follow Rabbi Yehuda. But since it teaches in the Mishnah that on vegetables we recite [the blessing] “who creates the fruit of the ground,” these kinds of vegetables where is customary to eat them raw and he ate them raw, or where it was customary to eat them cooked and he ate them cooked. But those [vegetables] where it was customary to eat raw and he ate them cooked, or [conversely], where it was customary to eat them cooked and he ate them raw, , he only recites [upon them] the blessing “שהכל/for all things [created by (God’s) word].” And those vegetables that we eat either raw or cooked, we make the blessing, “who creates the fruit of the ground/בורא פרי האדמה” whether he [ate them] raw or cooked.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
How do they bless over produce? Over fruit of the tree one says, “Who creates the fruit of the tree,” except for wine, over which one says, “Who creates the fruit of the vine.” Over fruit one generally says, “Bore pri haetz.” However, since wine is the quintessential product made from fruit, it is singled out for a special blessing, “Bore pri hagefen.” Wine was pretty much the only beverage drunk in the ancient world and hence it was considered to be especially important.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Over produce from the ground one says: “Who creates the fruit of the ground,” except over bread, over which one says, “Who brings forth bread from the earth.” Over almost all foods that come from the ground one says, “Bore pri ha’adamah.” The exception is bread, again the quintessential food that comes from the ground. It is singled out for the special blessing of “Hamotzi lechem min haaretz.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Over vegetables one says, “Who creates the fruit of the ground.” Rabbi Judah says: “Who creates diverse species of herbs.” According to the first opinion vegetables get the same blessing as do everything else that comes from the ground. Rabbi Judah disagrees and distinguishes between foods like grains (not eaten as bread but as cereals or in cooked dishes), over which one would say “Bore pri ha’adamah” and vegetables over which one says, “Bore minei deshaim.” This blessing is no longer recited because the halakhah is according to the previous opinion.
