La giovenca rossa e la capra che viene inviata [ad Azazel] e la lingua di cremisi provengono dal teruma della lishkah. [Anche se la giovenca rossa non viene massacrata nell'azara, viene dal teruma della lishka, la Scrittura la chiama "offerta per il peccato". E la capra che viene inviata ad Azazal (proviene anche dalla teruma della lishkah), poiché due capre devono essere prese e non si sa su quale di esse cadrà "il lotto a sinistra". La "lingua di cremisi" qui è quella gettata nella pira della giovenca rossa. Lo stesso vale per il legno di cedro e l'issopo, ma la sola lingua di cremisi viene prodotta per distinguerla dalla lingua di cremisi della capra mandata via.] Quanto segue viene da ciò che rimane nella lishkah: il ponte della giovenca rossa [Avrebbero fatto due ponti, uno sopra l'altro, a causa della (impurità della "tomba della profondità", dal Monte del Tempio al Monte degli Ulivi, su cui avrebbero condotto il giovenca rossa], il ponte della capra mandata via [Farebbero una specie di ponte che porta fuori dalla città, sul quale il "mittente" eliminerebbe la capra. Questo, a causa dei babilonesi, che si sarebbero strappati i capelli, dicendo: "Prendilo e vai (veloce), e non tenere qui i nostri peccati!"], La lingua tra le sue corna [per accertare se sbiancava e i peccati di Israele era stato perdonato. Poiché i precedenti non sono prerequisiti per le offerte, non provengono dalla teruma che era stata separata per le offerte, ma da ciò che rimase nella lishkah dopo che la terumoth era stata separata], il condotto dell'acqua, [che passava attraverso l'azara, se richiedesse la riparazione], le mura della città, le sue torri e tutte le esigenze della città [lo scavo di pozzi, pozzi e grotte, la riparazione della strada, l'insediamento di mercati e la protezione della città.] Abba Shaul dice: I sommi sacerdoti costruiscono il ponte della giovenca rossa con le proprie (risorse). [L'halachah non è conforme ad Abba Shaul.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
פרה אדומה ושעיר המשתלח – [the Scapegoat] for Azazel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Introduction
This mishnah continues to discuss what was done with the appropriation of the chamber and then what surplus money was used for.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
באין מתרומת הלשכה – come from the Temple fund/treasury chamber Even though the [red] heifer is not slaughtered in the Temple courtyard it comes from the Temple fund/treasury chamber, for the All-Merciful calls it a “sin-offering” (Numbers 19:9 – which is translated as “It is for cleansing.”). And the scapegoat – because it requires taking two goats and it is not known upon which of them will come up the lot “for God” (Leviticus 16:10).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
The [red] heifer and the scapegoat and the strip of scarlet came out of the appropriation of the chamber. The red heifer (Numbers 19:2 ff.) and the Yom Kippur scapegoat (Leviticus 16:21) were both purchased with the appropriation money. There are two ceremonies in which the Torah prescribes that a strip of scarlet should be used: 1) the red heifer (Numbers 19:6); 2) and the leper purification (Leviticus 14:4). This strip of scarlet was purchased with the appropriation money.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
ולשון של זהורית – the scarlet yarn/crimson thread that they cast into the burning of the heifer; and the same law applies to the cedar wood and hyssop, but it (i.e., the Mishnah) took the language of the crimson thread alone to distinguish between this crimson thread and the language of the thread upon the scapegoat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
The ramp for the [red] heifer and the ramp for the scapegoat and the strip of scarlet which was between its horns, and [the maintenance of] the pool of water and the wall of the city and its towers and all the needs of the city came out of the remainder in the chamber. This section lists things which were paid for with money which was left over after the three yearly appropriations were made. We can immediately notice that none of the things on this list are sacrifices. Rather most of them are general issues of upkeep. I will explain each separately. The ramp for the [red] heifer: they would build a ramp to lead the red heifer to the Mount of Olives (this is mentioned in Mishnah Parah 3:6). The ramp for the scapegoat: this was used to get the scapegoat out of the city (see Mishnah Yoma 3:6). And the strip of scarlet which was between its horns: they would take a strip of scarlet and place it between the horns of the scapegoat. We will learn more about this when we learn Yoma 6:4. The remaining items on the list are all maintenance for the major structures of the Temple and Jerusalem. I assume that the shekels were not sufficient for all upkeep, and the mishnah does not say that they were. All that the Mishnah states is that the extra shekels would go to this upkeep.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
כבש פרה – they would make two bridges, one on top of the other because of the grave in the depth (i.e., a covered-up uncleanness discovered) from the Temple Mount to the Mount of Olives and upon them, they would remove the heifer.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Abba Shaul says: the ramp for the [red] cow the high priests made out of their own [means]. Abba Shaul states that the ramp for the red heifer did not come from money left over from the appropriation but rather from the high priests. According to the Tosefta and the Yerushalmi, whenever a red heifer was burnt, the officiating high priest would build a new ramp rather than use a ramp built by a previous high priest.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
וכבש [שעיר] – they would make a kind of bridge until the exit from the city, and upon it would go the scapegoat because of the Babylonians who would pluck out its hair and say: “take and leave so that our sins will not tarry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
ולשון שבין קרניו – to know if it had turned white and the sins of the Jewish people had been atoned for, and these do not require a sacrifice. Therefore, they do not come from the Terumah/sacred contributions that were separated for the sake of sacrifices but rather, from what remained in the compartment after the separation of the Terumot/sacred contributions.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
ואמת המים – that passes through the Temple courtyard if it needs repair.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
וכל צרכי העיר – to dig cisterns, pits and caves, and the repair of its streets, its marketplaces and the guarding of the city.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
אבא שאול אומר כו'- but the Halakha is not according to Abba Sahul.
