Beth Shammai dice: Inchiostro [vale a dire, coloranti da cui viene fatto l'inchiostro], coloranti [per vernici] e karshinim [un alimento animale, che dovrebbero prima immergere], non sono immersi (alla vigilia di sabato), a meno che non siano immersi (cioè , completamente ammorbidito) mentre è ancora giorno. [Beth Shammai sostiene che uno è esortato rispetto al riposo delle sue navi (di sabato), proprio come viene esortato rispetto al riposo della sua bestia. E questo è, allo stesso modo, il motivo di (1: 6) "I fasci di lino non sono posti nel forno" e (Ibid.): "Le reti non sono sparse". Per quanto riguarda una lampada che brucia di sabato e una pentola sul fornello, su cui concede Beth Shammai (che è permesso), qui è dove rinuncia alla proprietà delle navi, nel qual caso non gli viene comandato in merito al loro riposo.] E Beth Hillel lo consente [quando l'acqua fu messa mentre era ancora giorno, anche se si sottoponevano ad ammollo il Sabbath, Beth Hillel sosteneva che un uomo fosse esortato rispetto al riposo della sua bestia durante il Sabbath, dove c'è angoscia per l'animale (non riposare), ma non rispetto al riposo delle navi.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אין שורין דיו – dyes that they make for them ink for writing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
The next four mishnayot contain disputes between Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel over things that can be done before the Sabbath.
Most of the disputes revolve around one central issue: can a person’s vessels perform work for them on the Sabbath? It is clear that a person herself cannot perform a forbidden act of work on the Sabbath; the debate is whether a person can set in motion a process which will cause work to be done on the Sabbath. Today it is clear to us that this is permitted. For instance, I can set a timer on my clock and it can go on on Shabbat and light my house. Bet Shammai, however, would say that such an act is forbidden.
We should note, the it seems that the sect of Jews who lived in Qumran and produced the Dead Sea Scrolls probably held like Bet Shammai. According to this understanding, work may not be done for a Jew on the Sabbath. The verse from the Ten Commandments which reads, “Six days you shall labor and do all your work” (Exodus 20:9) is interpreted to mean that all of a person’s work must be done within six day. In contrast, the Hillelites would hold that a Jew may not perform work on the Sabbath. They interpret the verse to mean that a person can do work for only six days, not that all of a person’s work must be done in six days. Although these positions might seem similar, they are based on different understandings of the Sabbath and indeed of halakhah in general.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וסממנים – to dye.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Beth Shammai says: ink, dyes and vetch may not be soaked [on Friday afternoon] unless they can be fully soaked while it is yet day; And Bet Hillel permits it. Inks, dyes and vetch (a legume soaked and then used as animal food) are all processed by soaking a plant in water to soften it. According to Bet Shammai it is forbidden to start such a process on Friday unless the person can sure that she can complete the process before Shabbat. As we learned above in the introduction, Bet Shammai forbids a person from having her “things” work for her on Shabbat. Bet Hillel permits this.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וכרשינים – food for cattle, and it is customary to soak them in water first, and we call them in Arabic “Karsena” and in the foreign tongue “vetch.” And the School of Shammai holds that a person is careful concerning observing the Sabbath abstention from labor with his utensils like the abstention form labor on the Sabbath of his animal, and it is for the same reason that we don’t give him bundles of wet flax, and that is the reason that we don’t spread out nets for traps. But the candle that burns on Shabbat and the pot that is on top of the portable stove on feet (with caves for two pots) that the School of Shammai admits to, since [he has renounced] ownership for the utensils, he furthermore is not commanded concerning their abstention from labor on the Sabbath.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וב"ה מתירין – from when he placed water in them while it was still day (i.e., on Friday), even though they are continuing to soak on the Sabbath, as they (i.e., the School of Hillel) hold that a person is warned regarding the Sabbath rest of the animals because there is the suffering of animals connected with the case (which must be relieved).
