Se un vigneto è interamente composto da Olelot , il rabbino Eliezer dice: è per il proprietario; Il rabbino Akiva dice: è per i poveri. Il rabbino Eliezer disse: "Quando raccogli, non prendere l' Olelot " (Deuteronomio 24:21) - Se non raccogli, da dove viene l' Olelet ? Il rabbino Akiva gli disse: "[dalla] tua vigna non prendi Olelot (Levitico 19:10)", [non prenderlo] anche se è interamente Olelot . In tal caso, perché dice "Quando raccogli, fai non prendere gli Olelot "? [per insegnare che] i poveri non hanno [diritti] sugli Olelot prima del raccolto."
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
שכולו עוללות – throughout the entire vineyard there is not a bunch of grapes that has grapes on an arm of the vine which branches off into twigs (כתף) and grapes hanging down directly from the trunk (נטף).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
In today’s mishnah Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Akiva argue over a vineyard where all of the clusters of grapes are defective (olelot).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
אם אין בציר – and what is the measure of a harvest? Three bunches which makes a fourth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
A vineyard which consists entirely of defective clusters: Rabbi Eliezer says: it belongs to the owner. Rabbi Akiva says: to the poor. According to Rabbi Eliezer, if the entire vineyard consists of defective clusters, then they belong to the owner and not to the poor. Rabbi Akiva disagrees and holds that the defective clusters go to the poor, just as they normally do.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
אמר לו רבי עקיבא וכרמך לא תעולל אפילו כולו עוללות – But Rabbi Eliezer said that you should say this since the poor don’t have [a share in] grapes hanging down directly from the trunk prior to the harvest, the owner of the house will get possession of them, and therefore it says (Leviticus 19:10): “You shall not pick your vineyard bare.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Rabbi Eliezer: “When you harvest the grapes of your vineyard, do not take the defective clusters” (Deuteronomy 24:21). If there is no grape harvesting, how can there be “defective clusters”? Each side in this debate will now present a midrash that supports his point of view. Rabbi Eliezer’s midrash is on Deuteronomy 24:21 which he reads as implying that there must be a harvesting of the grapes in order for the defective clusters to go to the poor. For the some of the grapes to go to the poor, some must also go to the owner. In other words, if we can’t fulfill the first half of the verse, “when you harvest the grapes of your vineyard” then we do not fulfill the second half of the verse “do not take the defective clusters.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Rabbi Akiva said to him: “And from your vineyard do not take the defective clusters” (Leviticus 19:10) even if it consists entirely of defective clusters. If that is so, why is it said: “When you harvest the grapes of your vineyard, do not take the defective clusters”? [This teaches that] the poor have no right to claim the defective clusters before the harvest. Rabbi Akiva’s midrash is based on Leviticus 19:10, where the verse concerning defective clusters does not begin with the words, “Whey you harvest…” Rather the verse simply says not to take the defective clusters, regardless of whether the entire vineyard consists of defective clusters. From this verse Rabbi Akiva learns that the defective clusters always go to the poor. Rabbi Akiva also offers an alternative midrash to the verse that Rabbi Eliezer had used. Deuteronomy 24:21 teaches that the poor cannot come and collect the defective clusters until the owner has begun to harvest his vineyard.
