Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud sur Berakhot 3:3

נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים פְּטוּרִין מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין, וְחַיָּבִין בִּתְפִלָּה וּבִמְזוּזָה, וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן:

Les femmes, les esclaves et les mineurs sont exemptés du Shema et des téfilines. [Même si le Shema est un commandement positif axé sur le temps (mitzvath aseh shehazman grama), une classe de mitsva dont les femmes sont exemptes, nous pensons qu'il les lie néanmoins car il contient l'acceptation du royaume de paradis—pour quelle raison nous devons être informés du contraire. Et la mitsva des tefillin est un commandement positif orienté vers le temps, car elle n'obtient pas la nuit et le jour du sabbat; mais on pourrait penser que puisqu'elle est assimilée à la mezouza, elle s'impose aux femmes. Nous devons donc être informés du contraire. "Mineurs": Un père n'est pas obligé de s'entraîner au récital du Shema même un mineur arrivé à l'âge de la formation; car le fils ne se trouve pas toujours avec son père au moment du récit. Et un père n'était pas obligé de former un mineur à la mitsva des téfilines, car on ne peut pas s'attendre à ce qu'il se prémunisse contre l'expulsion de l'air en les portant.] Et la tefillah, la mezouza et le récit de grâce les lient. [Car la tefillah est l'imploration de la miséricorde et une ordonnance rabbinique; et il a été institué pour les femmes aussi et pour la formation des mineurs. "Mezouza": Nous pourrions penser, puisque la mezouza est assimilée à l'étude de la Torah, que tout comme les femmes sont exemptées de l'étude de la Torah, il est écrit (Deutéronome 11: 9): "Et vous les enseignerez à vos fils"—et non à vos filles, elles devraient également être exemptées de la mezouza, même si ce n'est pas un commandement positif axé sur le temps; nous en sommes donc informés autrement. "Le récit de la grâce": Il est possible de se demander si le récit de la grâce lie les Écritures aux femmes, il est écrit (Deutéronome 8:10): "Et vous mangerez, vous serez rassasiés, et vous bénirez"— de sorte que ce soit un commandement positif non temporel —ou si elle ne lie pas les Écritures aux femmes, étant écrit (Ibid.): "pour le bon pays qu'Il vous a donné"; et la terre n'a pas été donnée aux femmes. La question n’a pas été résolue.]

Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin

There, we have stated576Mishnah Idiut 2:9.: “The father bestows on his son beauty, strength, riches, wisdom, and years.” From where beauty? “May Your deeds appear on Your servants, and Your glory on their sons.577Ps. 90:16.” Strength, “strong on earth will be his descendants.578Ps. 112:2.” Riches, “I was young and became old, but never saw a just man abandoned and his descendants in need of bread.579Ps. 37:25.” Wisdom, “you shall teach your sons to argue about them.569Deut. 11:19. Cf. Berakhot 2:3. Note 110, where the verse is quoted to show that daughters do not have to be instructed in Torah (Babli 29b).” Years, “that your and your sons’ days be many.580Deut. 11:21.” And just as he inherits five qualities, so he owes him the following five things. He feeds him, he gives him to drink, he clothes him, he puts on his shoes, he leads him581Peah 1:1, Note 119; Babli 31b.. That is what is written5822S. 3:29.: “This should fall on Joab’s head: sufferer from flux and from skin disease, holding the distaff, falling by the sword, and senseless.583This is a slip of the pen; later it is quoted in the language of the verse, “without bread”.” Sufferer from flux, weak. From skin disease, abandoned584Cf. Lev. 13:46.. Holding the distaff, uneducated. Falling by the sword, short lived. Without bread, poor. 585The Babylonian version is in the Babli, Sanhedrin 48b, and Num.rabba23(13). When Solomon came to kill Joab, he said to him: Your father gave me five sentences; accept them and I can be killed. He accepted them and all of them came to pass on the House of David. Sufferer from flux was Rehabeam: “King Rehabeam with difficulty climbed on his chariot to flee to Jerusalem;5861K. 12:18.” some say, he suffered from flux; some say, he was weak. Suffering from skin disease was Uziahu: “King Uziahu suffered from skin disease until the day of his death5872Chr. 26:21..” Holding the distaff was Joash: “They punished Joash5882Chr. 24:24..” Rebbi Ismael stated: 589Mekhilta dR.Ismael,Amaleq 1; Tanḥuma Bešallaḥ 25 This teaches that they gave him over to hardened hoodlums who had never known a woman and they raped him the way women are raped. That is what is written: “Israel’s pride will testify against it,590Hos. 5:5, repunctuating עָנָה to עִנָּה.” Israel’s pride will be raped in its face. Falling by the sword, this is Josiah, as is written: “The archers shot at king Josia,5912Chr. 35:23. In the text: הַיֹּרִים.” and Rebbi Joḥanan said, this teaches that they made his body like a sieve592Babli Mo‘ed qaṭan 28b; Thr.rabbati on 1:18.. Rebbi Ismael stated: 300 arrows were shot at the Eternal’s anointed. Without bread, that is Jehoiachin: “And his meal, a permanent meal was given to him,5932K. 25:30. He never had any money of his own. A completely different interpretation of the verse in Midrash Shemuel 18(5)..”
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Jerusalem Talmud Sukkah

MISHNAH: A person to whom a slave, or a woman, or a minor, read for him, repeats after them what they say, and it should be a curse for him. If a male adult reads for him, he answers halleluja after him109An illiterate who does not know the Hallel by heart, must have the psalms recited to him to make the movements prescribed in Mishnah 8. If a person who is not obligated to recite the Hallel and to move the lulav(a slave, woman, or minor) recites for him, he does not fulfill his duty by listening to them; he must repeat word for word. He is cursed for being an adult illiterate. If an obligated person reads for him, he is not different from people listening to the reader in the synagogue and answers halleluja123 times (cf. Šabbat Chapter 16, Note 59)..
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