Pour toutes les mitsvoth de la Torah dont la transgression volontaire est punissable par Kareth et dont la transgression involontaire nécessite un sacrifice pour le péché, l'individu apporte une agneau et une chèvre; le Nassi, un bouc, et le prêtre oint et beth-din, un taureau. Et, pour l'idolâtrie, l'individu, le Nassi et le prêtre oint amènent une chèvre, [il est écrit (Nombres 15:27): "Et si une âme pèche (le péché de l'idolâtrie) par erreur, elle apportera un chèvre, "après quoi il est écrit (29):" Il y aura une Torah pour vous pour celui qui agit sans le vouloir "—tous sont assimilés à cette offrande.]; et Beth-Din apporta un taureau et un bouc, un taureau pour l'holocauste et un bouc pour le sacrifice pour le péché.
Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
In the case of idolatry, the individual and the ruler and the anointed priest bring a goat – In the parasha Shlach Lecha, the sacrifice for idol worship, it is written “And if one person sin through error, then he shall offer a goat.” And it is written, “you shall have one law for him,” meaning that this sacrifice is for all of them [high priests, rulers, regular people].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
Introduction
This mishnah summarizes who brings what type of sin offering for transgressions done unwittingly.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
For all the commandments in the Torah, the penalty for which, if committed intentionally, is kareth and, if committed unwittingly, a sin offering, the individual brings as an offering a lamb or a goat, the ruler brings a goat, and the anointed priest and the court bring a bull. In the case of idolatry, the individual and the ruler and the anointed priest bring a goat while the court bring a bull and a goat: the bull for a burnt offering and the goat for a sin offering. The first section of the mishnah deals with all commandments except idolatry. In these cases, if an individual unwittingly transgresses, s/he brings a sin offering of a lamb or a goat. This is stated in Leviticus 4:27-28, 32. If a ruler (a king) is the unwitting transgressor, he brings a goat (Leviticus 4:22-23). If the anointed priest (the high priest) made an errant ruling and then unwittingly transgressed, he brings a bull. This is stated in Leviticus 4:3. The same is true of a court who made an errant ruling (Leviticus 4:13-14).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
If the transgression was one of idolatry the individual brings a goat. As I stated in the introduction, the rabbis consider Numbers 15:22-29 to be dealing with sins of idolatry. Verse 27 states, “In case it is an individual who has sinned unwittingly, he shall offer a she-goat in its first year as a sin offering.” Since the Torah does not make any exceptions for rulers or high priests, they too bring the same sin offering in this case as does a regular Israelite. Verse 24, “If this was done unwittingly, through the inadvertence of the community, the whole community shall present one bull of the herd as burnt offering of pleasing odor to the Lord, with its proper meal offering and libation, and one he-goat as a sin offering.” The rabbis consider this verse to be dealing with a case where a court issued an errant ruling and the people followed its ruling. We saw this discussed above in mishnah 1:5.
