Il en va de même pour les fiançailles et il en va de même pour une dette. Si un créancier lui disait: «Jette-moi ma dette (c'est-à-dire ce que tu me dois), et il la lui a jeté—(s'il a atterri) auprès du créancier, le débiteur est acquitté (de sa dette); près du débiteur, le débiteur est (c'est-à-dire demeure) responsable; «moitié-moitié», ils se divisent. [Le gemara explique que l'instance en est une où il dit: «Jette-moi ma dette dans (le cadre de) la loi du gittin» pour que la dette ait le statut de get. Si le débiteur l'a jeté près du créancier et qu'il a été perdu, le débiteur est acquitté et il n'a pas à payer; si près du débiteur, le débiteur est responsable, etc. Mais s'il lui dit: «Jette-moi ma dette et sois-en acquitté», une fois qu'il la lui jette, en toute circonstance, il est exonéré. Si elle se tenait au sommet d'un toit et qu'il le lui lançait, une fois qu'il atteint «l'atmosphère» du toit [à moins de trois tefachim (largeurs de main) de sa surface, cet espace étant considéré comme faisant partie du toit], elle est divorcé. S'il était au-dessus, et elle en dessous, une fois qu'il a quitté le domaine du toit [c'est-à-dire, une fois qu'il a quitté le domaine du toit (sur lequel il se tenait) et est entré dans le domaine dans lequel elle se tenait], (même) si elle a été effacée ou brûlée, elle est divorcée. [Ceci, où le lancement de l'entrée dans la cour a précédé le déclenchement de l'incendie dans la cour. Car si cette dernière a précédé, alors ab initio le get «va au feu», et elle n'est pas divorcée.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin
אמר לו בעל חובו: זרוק לי חובי – In the Gemara we establish it for when the creditor says, throw me my debt (the monies owed by the debtor) in the [manner similar to the] nature of Jewish divorce, and since he [i.e., the creditor] said this to him [i.e., the borrower], this obligation of indebtedness has the same [format] as the law the law of Jewish divorce, for if the borrower threw it closer to the creditor, and it [became] lost , the borrower is acquitted and he is not liable to pay [again], but if it landed closer to the borrower, he is liable to pay. But if the creditor said to him: throw me my debt and it shall be dismissed, since he threw it to him in any matter, he is exempt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Gittin
Introduction
The first section of the mishnah is a direct continuation of yesterday’s mishnah. It teaches that the laws concerning a husband throwing a get to his wife are the same as the laws of a man throwing betrothal money or a betrothal document to a woman or a borrower repaying his debt by throwing money at the creditor.
The second half of the mishnah deals with a husband who is on a roof and throws a get down to his wife or is below and she is on the roof and he throws the get up to her.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin
לאויר הגג – wherever there is a gap of less than three handbreadths near the bottom of the roof, it isd considered a “Lavud” – the legal fiction of considering separated parts as united.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Gittin
Similarly with betrothals and similarly with a debt. If a man’s creditor said to him, “Throw me my debt”, and he threw it to him, if it lands nearer to the creditor, the borrower is credited [with paying back his debt]; if it lands nearer to the borrower, the borrower is still obligated [to repay the money]; if it lands midway, they divide. The laws concerning throwing a get are the same when it comes to throwing betrothal money or documents or repaying monetary debts. The remainder of the mishnah illustrates the principle with regard to repaying debts. Note that the one difference between debts and divorce/betrothal is that in the latter case, if the document lands halfway, the woman is doubtfully divorced or doubtfully betrothed. There is no possibility of a woman being half divorced or betrothed. In contrast, when it comes to debts, people can split money. Therefore, if the money lands halfway between the two parties they split it and the borrower owes half the debt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin
מרשות הגג – if it left the divided off space of the roof and entered into the partition of the space where it is standing (serving as a legal fiction – as if one of its broadside were prolonged to form a partition).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Gittin
If she was standing on a roof and he threw it up to her, as soon as it reaches the airspace of the roof, she is divorced. If he was above and she below and he threw it to her, once it has left the space of the roof, [even were it to be immediately] erased or burnt, she is divorced. When the husband is standing below and she is standing on the roof, the get must reach the level of the roof for she to be divorced. In other words, her domain only begins at roof-level. Similarly, if he is standing on the roof, her domain begins at the level of the roof. If he drops the get, she is divorced as soon as the get enters her domain, which is below the level of the roof. Even if it briefly enters her domain and then is somehow erased (severe case of bird droppings?) or burnt (by a lightning bolt) she was divorced as soon as the get entered her domain.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Gittin
או נשרף הרי זו מגורשת – the throwing of the Jewish bill of divorce into the courtyard preceded its being burned in the airspace of the courtyard, for if it had been burned in the courtyard first, in principle, from the beginning, it was being tossed into the fire, and she is not divorced.
