Si yom tov est tombé après Shabbath (c'est-à-dire le dimanche), Beth Shammai dit: Tout est immergé avant Shabbath. [Car il faut se purifier pour la fête, et tout ce qui nécessite une immersion, les hommes et les vases, sont immergés avant Chabbat]. Et Beth Hillel dit: Les navires (sont immergés) avant Shabbath, et les hommes (se plongent) le Shabbath. [Les navires sont immergés avant Shabbath, car comme ils sont aptes à quelque chose après l'immersion pour lequel ils n'étaient pas aptes avant l'immersion, s'ils étaient immergés le Shabbath ou le yom tov, ce serait "modifier quelque chose" et serait interdit. "Shabbath" est indiqué ici (plutôt que "yom tov") pour nous informer du "pouvoir" de Beth Hillel, qu'ils permettaient à quelqu'un de s'immerger même le jour de Shabbath; car on a l'impression qu'il le fait pour se baigner et se rafraîchir, et pas (nécessairement) pour le nettoyage rituel.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
מטבילין את הכל – for a person is obligated to ritually purify himself on the Festival. And everything that requires ritual immersion, whether a person or utensils, we ritually immerse prior to the Sabbath.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
In mishnaic times it was customary for people who observed the laws of purity to immerse vessels and for people to immerse before Yom Tov so that everything would be pure. In our mishnah Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel debate whether or not one can immerse on Shabbat in preparation for a Yom Tov which falls on Sunday.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
כלים מלפני השבת – for since they are worthy after ritual immersion for things that they were not worthy for prior to the immersion, if one immerses them on Shabbat or on Yom Tov/the Festival day, it would be like repairing a matter an that is forbidden. And Shabbat was used here to inform you of the power of the School of Hillel, that even on the Sabbath, they permitted the ritual immersion of a person, because it appears like holding him dear and become cols cold and bathes for pleasure and not for the sake of ritual immersion.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
If [Yom Tov] fell on the day after Shabbat: Bet Shammai says: one must immerse everything [unclean] before Shabbat. According to Bet Shammai both vessels and people must be immersed before Shabbat. They hold that it is forbidden to immerse on Shabbat.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
But Bet Hillel says: vessels [must be immersed] before Shabbat but people [may immerse] on Shabbat. Bet Hillel holds that it is permitted to immerse on Shabbat but that one should nevertheless immerse the vessels before Shabbat. The reason not to immerse the vessels on Shabbat is that by immersing the vessels he makes them usable. This is like “completing a vessel” which is forbidden on Shabbat. However, when a person immerses him/herself it might just look like she/he is washing, and hence it is permitted.
