Uno no hace la bendición sobre la vela o las especias de los idólatras [No sobre la vela, porque no "descansó", pues el idólatra trabajó por su luz; y está prohibido hacer una bendición sobre una vela que no descansa, ya que ha cometido una transgresión. Y no sobre las especias de los idólatras. La referencia es a las especias utilizadas en una reunión festiva de idólatras. Y esta es la intención de la última parte de la Mishná: "Y no sobre la vela y no sobre las especias antes de la idolatría", es decir, ¿por qué uno no hace una bendición sobre las especias de los idólatras? Porque se puede suponer que una reunión festiva de idólatras es para propuestas idólatras y está prohibido hacer una bendición sobre las especias utilizadas para la idolatría.] Y no sobre la vela y las especias utilizadas para los muertos, [la vela (para los muertos ) se utiliza con fines honoríficos, y las especias se utilizan para disipar el olor.] Y no sobre la vela y no sobre las especias antes de la idolatría. Uno no bendice la vela hasta que se beneficia de ella [por su luz. No es que él se beneficie, per se, sino que esté lo suficientemente cerca como para beneficiarse si lo desea.]
Tosefta Berakhot
Workers that were doing [work] by the owner of the house [when they have to say Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)] they say [only] two Berachot (blessings) [instead of the four usual Berachot]. [The way they say Birkat Hamazon is as follows.] He (i.e. the worker) says the first Beracha [in the regular fashion]. [Then] he combines [the Beracha] of Jerusalem (i.e. the 3rd Beracha) with [the Beracha] of the land (i.e. the 2nd Beracha) [into one Beracha], and he seals it off with [the ending of the Beracha] of the land. If [the workers] were doing [the work] for him [and receiving] their meal [as pay, instead of money], or the owner of the house was saying the Birkat Hamazon for them [because he ate together with them, even if they were getting paid money for their work, then] they (i.e. the workers) say [all] four Berachot. [These are] the things during meals regarding which Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel argue. Bet Shammai say, “[When a person makes Kiddush on Friday night,] he says the Beracha for the day [first] and [only] after that he says the Beracha on the wine, because the day causes the wine to be brought out, and since the day already began, however the wine has not been brought out yet [until later that evening].” And Bet Hillel say, “[When a person makes Kiddush on Friday night,] he says the Beracha for the wine [first] and [only] after that he says the Beracha on the day, because it is the wine that causes the holiness of the day to be discussed. [Besides this there is] another explanation. The Beracha for the wine is common and the Beracha for the [Shabbat] day is not common.” And the law follows the words of Bet Hillel.
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Tosefta Berakhot
[If a person was brought by the waiter wine and perfumed oil at the end of the meal,] Bet Shammai say, “He should hold the cup of wine in his right hand and perfumed oil in his left hand. [Then] he should say the Beracha (blessing) on the wine, and after that [he should make the Beracha] on the oil.” And Bet Hillel say, “He should hold the perfumed oil in his right hand and the cup of wine in his left hand. [Then] he should say a Beracha on the oil and smear it onto the head of the waiter, [if the waiter was in fact an Am Haaretz (a person uneducated in Torah law). However,] if the waiter was a Talmid Chacham (Torah Scholar) [then] he should smear it onto the wall, because it is not praiseworthy for a Talmid Chacham to go out perfumed.”
