En el primero de Adar, se hacen proclamaciones para shekalim (el impuesto principal para el Templo). [Beth-din envía a todas las ciudades de Israel y proclama que deben traer sus shekalim. Para el primero de Nissan, las ofertas comunales deben ser traídas de la nueva tasa, a saber. (Números 28:14): "Esta es la ofrenda quemada del mes en su mes para los meses del año"—Renueve la presentación de ofrendas del nuevo gravamen (medio shekel) (la raíz del "mes" y "nuevo" es lo mismo en hebreo). Y "los meses del año" aquí (en referencia a Nissan) se deriva de (Éxodo 12: 2): "(Nissan) es el primero para usted de los meses del año". Por lo tanto, la proclamación para traer shekalim se adelanta treinta días al primero de Adar.] Y (se hacen proclamaciones) para kilayim (siembra mixta interdictada) [es decir, proclaman que la otra variedad debe disminuirse hasta que no quede nada de es un rova de un kav a un sa'ah, como se dijo (Kilayim 2: 1): cada sa'ah que contiene un rova de un kav de una variedad diferente debe ser disminuido. Nuestros rabinos explicaron que después de que las semillas ya están cultivadas, incluso uno de cada mil debe ser desarraigado. Para cualquiera de las dos variedades, cada una de las cuales está permitida por sí misma, pero que están prohibidas en mezcla, no se prestan a bitul ("cancelación"). Es solo cuando se entremezclan en la siembra que la disminución es suficiente, obteniéndose bitul con uno de cada dos por la ley de la Torá, de modo que no se llama siembra de kilayim, y la disminución (prescrita) se requiere solo debido a las "apariencias" (marith ayin) Pero después de que han crecido, Bitul no obtiene y todo debe ser desarraigado para que solo quede una de las variedades.] El día 15 (de Adar) se lee la Meguilá en las ciudades [rodeada por un muro de los días de Yehoshua el hijo de monja. Debido a la enseñanza (1: 3): "El decimoquinto de los cambistas de Adar se sentaron en la provincia", se incluyó todo lo que hicieron ese día.], Y se hacen reparaciones en carreteras, calles [y mercados que fueron dañados por las lluvias en invierno. Se reparan para los peregrinos del festival. Algunos explican (que están reparados) para el beneficio de aquellos que mataron sin darse cuenta, para que puedan huir del vengador de la sangre, como está escrito (Deuteronomio 19: 3): "Prepara el camino para ti mismo"], y (reparaciones se hacen en) baños rituales. [Si el sedimento se acumula en ellos, se limpian, y si la mikve cae por debajo de la cantidad requerida, le agregarán agua extraída y la llevarán a esa cantidad (la mayoría de los cuarenta sa'ah requeridos son kasher)], y todas las necesidades de la comunidad son atendidas [como litigios monetarios, casos capitales, casos de franjas, la redención de evaluaciones, devociones y dedicaciones, la administración del borrador de sotah, la quema de la novilla roja, el aburrimiento de (el oído de) el esclavo hebreo, y la limpieza del leproso. Y enviarían (mensajeros) para abrir cisternas de agua almacenada, para que la gente pudiera beber de ellos en verano, siendo todas estas necesidades de la comunidad.] Y las tumbas están marcadas [para que Cohanim y los portadores de taharoth (alimentos consagrados) no "tienda" sobre ellos. Se "marcaron" desmenuzando la cal y derramándola alrededor de la tumba. En la estación lluviosa, la cal se disolvería, por lo que era necesario repetir el proceso.] Y ellos [los diputados de Bet-din] también saldrían (es decir, para desarraigarlos) kilayim. [A pesar de que ya habían hecho una proclamación al respecto el primero de Adar (ver arriba), no confiaron en ello, temiendo que los propietarios no lo hubieran desarraigado, y salieron y lo hicieron ellos mismos.]
Sefer HaChinukh
From the laws of the commandment is for example, that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Mishnah Shekalim 1:1) that on the 1st of Adar, we announce about the shekel-coins; that even the poorest of the poor is liable for it, and if he does not have it, he borrows from others or sells the cloak that is upon him and gives it, as it is stated (Exodus 30:16), "and the poor may not lessen." And [that] he does not give [it] over several times, but rather all at one time; that its weight is [equal to] eighty grains of barley, as the weight of the whole shekel that was in the days of Moshe was one hundred and sixty barley [grains]. And that all are obligated to give it, priests, Levites, Israelites, converts and freed slaves; but not women, slaves and minors. But if they give it, we accept [it] from them, but not from gentiles - they do not have a share and inheritance among us. And [that] they, may their memory be blessed, also said (Mishnah Shekalim 1:6) that anyone who does not give an exact half-shekel which was a coin at that time; but gives silver of its weight for it or [its equivalent] in small bronze coins (perutot) [instead], must add a little to the weight of his shekel - and that little was called a kalbon (small coin). And that this little is the wage of the moneychanger who gets his wage for changing the perutot into the half shekel that was fixed. And therefore two that brought a whole shekel between the two of them [also] require a kalbon - since if they wanted to exchange it, they would need to give the moneychanger a kalbon. And so too must they give it to the [Temple] treasurer, since Scripture obligated them in a half shekel (and not a whole one) - and so they are obligated about it or its value precisely. And so [too,] that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Mishnah Shekalim 2:1) is the law about one who loses his shekel on the way. And the rest of its many details are [all] elucidated in the Tractate built upon this, and that is Tractate Shekalim (see Mishneh Torah, Laws of Sheqel Dues 1).
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Sefer HaChinukh
And they, may their memory be blessed, said (Mishnah Kilayim 8:1) that even though there is lashes for both one who sows seeds of a forbidden mixture and one who grafts trees of a forbidden mixture - behold, they are permitted to be eaten; as it is only their planting that was forbidden. And so [too,] they permitted planting a sprig of a tree that was grafted with a forbidden mixture, and to plant a seed that was sowed in a forbidden mixture. And seeds are divided into three groups and three names and these are them: grains, legumes and garden seeds - and there are some of the garden seeds that are called types of vegetables. And even though it was forbidden to us to mix two types of seeds even if they are of one name - for example, wheat with barley, in that both of them are called grain; and so [too,] fava beans and peas, even though both of them are called legumes - nonetheless, there is a small distinction between them in the difference of the name. How is this? That if one part of wheat bigger than the twenty-three [individual] parts of barley was mixed unintentionally, there is no need to separate it out; less than this, he must separate it. But if it was from the garden seeds that was mixed, its measure is one in twenty-four of that which we plant from that type of garden seed in [a field, the measure of which is] a beit seah. And grain and legumes are like one specie concerning this, and their measurement is one part in twenty four of grain [regardless of how much of that type is planted in a field]. And they, may their memory be blessed, said (Mishnah Shekalim 1:1) that we announce about the shekalim and forbidden mixtures on the first of Adar; and everyone goes out to his garden and to his field, and cleans it from [these mixtures]. And everything that is two species, even though they are similar in their shape, are forbidden on account of forbidden mixtures. And everything that is one specie, even though their shapes are different because of the variation of location or the variation in the work on the land - behold, it is like one specie.
