אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין לִפְנֵיהֶם. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה, הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין עַל הַדְּרָכִים, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מַפְקִירִין כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה כֻּלָּהּ:
R. Yehudah dijo: Al principio, ellos (los diputados de beth-din desarraigarían (los kilayim) y los arrojarían ante ellos [los propietarios del campo, para avergonzarlos]. Cuando los transgresores aumentaran, lo desarraigarían y arrojarían en los caminos. [Los propietarios se regocijaron porque sus campos estaban siendo desmalezados por otros. Además, lo colocarían antes que sus animales (para comer), con lo cual instituyeron que lo echaron en los caminos. Pero aún así se regocijaron en que sus campos estaban siendo desmalezados,] con lo cual instituyeron que todo el campo fuera declarado sin dueño (hefker), [para hefker beth-din hefker (una declaración "hefker" de beth-din es válida.)]
Sefer HaChinukh
From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Arakhin 18b) that we received from the tradition that these years that are stated for appraisals are measured day to day - meaning from the day of birth - and also that all the shekel-coins stated there are the holy shekels. And we have known from the received tradition that the weight of a holy shekel is three hundred and twenty barley grains of pure silver. And the Sages have already added upon it and made its weight like the weight of the coin called the sela at the time of the Second [Temple], which is three hundred and eighty-four medium barley grains (so is it in Mishneh Torah, Laws of Sheqel Dues 1:2-3). And they, may their memory be blessed, said that this sela is (four) dinar, and the dinar is six maah - and the maah is what was called gerah in the days of Moshe, as Onkelos translates gerah as maah - and its weight is sixteen barley grains.
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