Comentario sobre Makhshirin 6:3
כָּל הַבֵּיצִים בְּחֶזְקַת טָהֳרָה, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל מוֹכְרֵי מַשְׁקֶה. וְאִם הָיוּ מוֹכְרִין עִמָּהֶן פֵּרוֹת יְבֵשִׁים, טְהוֹרוֹת. כָּל הַדָּגִים בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חֲתִיכַת אִלְתִּית וְדָג הַמִּצְרִי הַבָּא בְקֻפָּה וְקוּלְיָס הָאִסְפָּנִין, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בְחֶזְקַת טָהֳרָה. כָּל הַצִּיר בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה. וְעַל כֻּלָּם, עַם הָאָרֶץ נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר טְהוֹרִים הֵן, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל דָּגָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מַפְקִידִין אוֹתָהּ אֵצֶל עַם הָאָרֶץ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, צִיר טָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טָמֵא:
Todos los huevos tienen la presunción de pureza, excepto los de los comerciantes líquidos, pero ellos [los huevos] son puros si venden fruta seca con ellos. Todos los peces tienen la presunción de impureza. El rabino Yehudah dice: Un pedazo de Iltit [pescado] y pescado egipcio que viene en una cesta, y los Kulyas [pescado] españoles tienen la presunción de pureza. Toda salmuera tiene la presunción de impureza. Y con respecto a todos ellos, se cree que un Am Ha'aretz [uno que es negligente en la observación de los diezmos y las leyes de pureza] dice que son puros, a excepción del pescado porque [los peces] se confían a un Am Ha'aretz . El rabino Eliezer ben Ya'akov dice: [Si] una pequeña cantidad de agua cae en salmuera pura, [esta última] es impura.
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
חוץ משל מוכרי משקה – because they come in contact with/touch them while the liquid is moist on their hands, but they are not strict on the staining/making palatable by moistening , for their shells (i.e., of the eggs) protect them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
All eggs are presumed to be clean except those of sellers of liquids. But if they sold with them dry produce, they are clean. Eggs sold anywhere are presumed to be clean unless they are sold by sellers who also sell liquids. If the person also sells liquids we can assume that he touched the eggs with wet hands. This would have made them susceptible to impurity. Then when an impure person in the marketplace touched them, they would become defiled. We should note again that defiled eggs can be eaten. The only real relevance would be for a person who only wants to eat pure food. However, if the person who sold liquids sold the eggs near dry food we can assume he would dry his hands off first because he wouldn't want the dry food to get wet. Therefore the eggs can be assumed not to have come into contact with liquid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ואם היו מוכרים עמהם פירות יבשים – because they dry their hands in order that they do not soil the fruits,, they dry their hands also prior to their touching the eggs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
All fish are presumed unclean. While alive, fish are not susceptible to impurity (this is true of all animals). However, when a fisher kills the fish there is still water on it. This water causes it to be susceptible to impurity. When impure people touch the fish, it becomes impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
כל הדגים בחזקת טומאה – because they are made susceptible [for ritual defilement] in the water, and that which is impure/unclean and that which is pure/clean touches it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Judah says: pieces of aylatit and Egyptian fish which arrives in a basket, and Spanish tunny, these may be presumed clean. According to Rabbi Judah, these types of fish live long after they have been caught. By the time they die there will be no water left on them. Since they are not again moistened, they were not made susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
חתיכת האלתות (a piece of a large fish/Iltith)- a species of fish that is regularly sold piece by piece. And there is a place whose name is אלתות/Iltith, and there they hunt it and sell it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
All kinds of brine may be presumed unclean. The brine that comes out of fish is mixed with water. This makes it susceptible to impurity. Since we can assume that an impure person touched it, it is assumed to be impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ודג המצרין – a very small fish that they bring from it filled basket in Egypt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Concerning all these an am ha-aretz may be trusted when he declares them to be clean, except in the case of small fish, since they are usually stored with any am ha-aretz. In all of the cases discussed above, eggs, fish and brine, an am haaretz, a person who doesn't generally observe the laws of purity, is believed to say that the food has not come into contact with water and therefore it has not become susceptible to impurity. The only exception is small fish which, according to the mishnah, are often left with another am haaretz. Since the am haaretz who says they are clean cannot know if the other am haaretz defiled them or got them wet, we can't believe the first am haaretz.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
וקולים האספנין (Spanish colias, a kind of tunny fish)- a species of fish whose skin is very soft and they call it אלשביט, and these three species, the water does not make them susceptible [for ritual defilement] like other fish, because they llive a long while after their being hunted, after they are made into food, that is, after their death, we don’t put water upon them, because the water causes loss to them. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: clean brine into which water fell in any quantity must be deemed unclean. If there is brine that we know to be clean because there is no water in it and then even the smallest amount of water falls in, that small amount of water makes the brine susceptible. We might have thought that since the brine is also liquid, the small amount of water is nullified. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov teaches that it is not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
כל הציר בחזקת טומאה – for mere brine that upon which water is put and the hands touch them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ועל כולם – whether eggs [or] whether fruit [or] whether brine, a common, uneducated person is believed to state that they were not made susceptible [to receive ritual defilement].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
מפני שמפקידים אותן – for all the fruit they store them with a common, uneducated person, but if he is not trustworthy/reliable, how can they store them? But fish, they do not store with him, therefore, he is not trustworthy/reliable.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ציר טהור – that it is known regarding it that it was not made susceptible [to receive ritual defilement] through liquids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
שנפל לתוכו מים כל שהוא טמא – for any amount of water makes them susceptible [to receive ritual defilement], and once it is made susceptible, its presumption is that it is impure, for the hands handle them. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov
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