נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַסֻּכָּה. קָטָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְאִמּוֹ, חַיָּב בַּסֻּכָּה. מַעֲשֶׂה וְיָלְדָה כַלָּתוֹ שֶׁל שַׁמַּאי הַזָּקֵן וּפִחֵת אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה וְסִכֵּךְ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּטָּה בִּשְׁבִיל הַקָּטָן:
Frauen, Knechte und Minderjährige sind von der (Mizwa von) Succah befreit [es wird geschrieben (3. Mose 23:42): "Jeder Bürger in Israel soll in Succoth sitzen". —Frauen auszuschließen, die, obwohl sie verpflichtet sind, in der ersten Nacht von Pesach Matzah zu essen, in der ersten Nacht des Festivals nicht in (der Mizwa von) Succah verpflichtet sind.] Ein Minderjähriger, der seine Mutter nicht braucht, ist verpflichtet in (der Mizwa von) Succah. [Wenn er aus dem Schlaf erwacht und nicht "Mutter, Mutter" ruft, wird er als "seine Mutter nicht brauchen" angesehen, und die Mizwa bindet ihn; ansonsten ist er befreit. Dies ist die Halacha. Und das ist nur dann der Fall, wenn er weiterhin nach seiner Mutter ruft und nicht aufhört, bis sie kommt. Aber wenn er einmal anruft und dann aufhört, wird er nicht als "seine Mutter brauchen" angesehen.] Als die Schwiegertochter von Shammai, dem Ältesten, ein Kind zur Welt brachte, hohlte er einen Teil der Decke aus und legte Schach über das Bett im Namen des Kindes.
Tosefta Chagigah
A minor that no longer needs [the help of] his mother is liable in [building a] sukkah. A minor that needs his mother may go out by means of his mother's eiruv (Ket. 65b:9), and if he does not need his mother, they make an eiruv of two meals for the joining of the Shabbat boundaries. [If] he knows how to shake, he is liable in [the commandment of shaking the] lulav. [If] he knows how to dress himself, he is liable in [the commandment of donning] tzitzit. [If] he knows how to talk, his father teaches him the Shema and the Torah and the holy tongue, and if not, it would have been preferable for him not to come into this world. [If] he knows how to take care of tefillin, his father buys him tefillin. How so? We examine him, we immerse him, and we give him chullin [which he is told] to treat as terumah. [If] he knows how to take care of his body, we may eat foods that have touched his body. [If he is a Kohen and] he knows how to spread his hands [in the manner of the priestly blessing], we give him a portion [of the terumah] from the threshing floor. [If] he possesses the intelligence to be questioned about a case involving doubt, in the private domain [the ruling is] "impure," and in the public domain [the ruling is] "pure" (see Sifrei Bamidbar 8). [If] he knows how to slaughter, his slaughter is valid. [If] he can eat an olive's worth of grain, we remove ourselves four amot from his excrement and urine. [If] he can eat an olive's worth of meat, we slaughter on his behalf the Passover offering. Rabbi Yehuda says, we never slaughter the Passover offering on his behalf unless he knows how to distinguish food. They said to him, what is meant by "distinguish food"? [He said to them,] anyone to whom we give an egg and he keeps it, [and we we give him] a stone and he throws it.
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