Kommentar zu Terumot 4:11
סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה וְקִפְּאָהּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בַּקִּפּוּי מֵאָה סְאָה, תַּעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא תַעֲלֶה. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה, יַקְפִּיאֶנָּה. וְאִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ תְּרוּמָה עוֹלָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ אִם בְּלוּלוֹת הֵן, אוֹ לְאַיִן נָפְלָה:
Eine Se'ah von Terumah, die auf einen Vorrat gefallen ist und an der Oberfläche bleibt: Rabbi Eliezer sagt: Wenn an der Oberfläche einhundert Se'ah sind , kann sie entfernt werden [da die Mischung] einhundertein ist [ mal seine Größe]. Aber Rabbi Yehoshua sagt: Es kann nicht entfernt werden. Ein Se'ah von Terumah, der auf einen Vorrat gefallen ist, muss er abschöpfen. Wenn ja, warum haben sie gesagt, dass Terumah in [einer Mischung] einhundertein [mal so groß] entfernt werden kann? [Dies gilt], wenn nicht bekannt ist, ob sie durcheinander geraten sind oder wo sie gefallen sind.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
מגורה – a storehouse where they store the grain.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
Our mishnah continues to deal with cases of terumah getting mixed in with hullin and again we see that Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Eliezer disagree.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
וקפאה – he removed what was above, the Aramaic translation of (II Kings 6:6): “and he made the ax head float”: the iron floated.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
A seah of terumah which fell on top of a pile and he skimmed it off: Rabbi Eliezer says: if in that which he skimmed off there are hundred seahs, it can be taken out [through a ratio of] one hundred to one. The case in our mishnah is one in which a seah of terumah fell on top of a pile of hullin and the terumah remained on top of the pile. Rabbi Eliezer holds that if in the top part of the pile there are one hundred seahs of hullin, then the one seah can be removed and the rest can be eaten. In other words, when trying to figure out if we have a 100-1 ratio, we can only take into consideration that which is on the top because, as we shall learn below, when terumah falls on top of a pile, one must skim it off. The bottom rows of produce cannot count toward the ratio.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
אם יש בקפוי תעלה באחד ומאה – The Jerusalem Talmud explains that this is what he said: if there is in the skimming with what is underneath it one-hundred and one [parts], it is neutralized, and Rabbi Eliezer, according to his reasoning, who said that he ones on the bottom neutralize the ones on the top, and it comes to tell us that even though he skimmed it, he revealed his intention that it had not become mixed with the bottom ones, nevertheless, the bottom ones assist to nullify.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
But Rabbi Joshua says: it cannot be brought up. Rabbi Joshua holds that since he must skim off the top, he can’t also take out one seah, even if there is a 100-1 ratio.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ורבי יהושע אומר לא תעלה – Rabbi Yehoshua, according to his reasoning who said about that the bottom ones do not assist to nullify.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
A seah of terumah which fell on top of a pile, he must skim it off. If so, why did they say that terumah can be taken up in one hundred and one parts? [Only] if it is not known whether it has become mixed up or where it has fallen. This section explains the rule that stands behind the debate in the previous sections. When terumah falls into a pile of non-sacred produce (hullin) the first thing that one must do is attempt to skim it off the top. The rule that if there are 100 parts hullin to one part terumah one may take out any one part and give that to the priest and eat the rest only applies in two situations. 1) It is not known whether the terumah was mixed up or not; 2) the exact location of the terumah is unknown. However, if one knows that the terumah has not become mixed up and he knows where it is, he should just skim it off the top.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
סאה תרומה וכו' – it is the conclusion of the words of Rabbi Yehoshua, and this is what he said: since it is not neutralized, how does he do it? יקפיאנה – he should remove what floats above and a bit around it until he knows that he removed everything, and all of the rest is unconsecrated produce.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
אם כן למה אמרו – our Mishnah disputes the words of Rabbi Yehoshua. If so, in which place did they say that heave-offering requires one and one hundred [parts], since there is repair through skimming. And they respond that when it is not known if the Seah had become mixed up in the storehouse after it fell on the lip of the storehouse, alternatively, from the outset, it was not known where it fell, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.
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