Die Terumah [dh was sie in die Körbe legen] —Was haben sie damit gemacht? Sie kauften Temidin (die täglichen Brandopfer), Mussafin (die zusätzlichen Opfergaben), ihre Trankopfer, das Omer, die beiden Brote, das Schaubrot und alle Gemeinschaftsopfer [einschließlich Weihrauch]. Die Beobachter der Nachwucherungen am Scheich (dem Sabbatjahr) beziehen ihren Lohn von der Terumah der Lishkah. [Die "Nachwucherungen" wachsen aus den Überresten der Ernte von selbst. Wächter werden dafür bezahlt, dass die Armen sie nicht auf dem Scheich pflücken, und sie werden für den Omer auf Pesach und für die beiden Brote auf Shavuoth gebracht, die nur aus den neuen Produkten und aus Eretz Israel stammen. Die Wächter können von der Terumah bezahlt werden, denn für das Opfer wird diesbezüglich das Opfer selbst benötigt.] R. Yossi sagt: Wenn man möchte, kann er seine Dienste als unbezahlter Wächter spenden. [Und obwohl er die Nachwucherungen von hefker (aufgegebenes Eigentum) erwirbt, indem er sie kostenlos beobachtet und mitbringt, so dass sie ihm gehören—R. Yossi ist der Ansicht, dass ein individuelles Opfer in ein gemeinschaftliches umgewandelt werden kann.] Sie sagten zu ihm: Stimmen Sie nicht zu, dass sie (diese Opfer) nur aus der Gemeinde stammen dürfen? [Und wenn er die Nachwucherungen kostenlos beobachtete und sie brachte und erwarb, stellte sich heraus, dass sie nicht aus der Gemeinde stammten (die Rabbiner waren der Ansicht, dass ein individuelles Opfer nicht in ein gemeinschaftliches umgewandelt werden kann.) Die Halacha entspricht der Weise.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
התרומה מה היו עושין בה – that they placed into the boxes – what did they do with them?
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Introduction
This mishnah begins to discuss what they did with the money from the appropriation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
וכל קרבנות הצבור – including incense.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
What did they do with the appropriation? They bring with it the daily burnt-offerings ( and the additional burnt-offerings ( and their libations, the omer and the two loaves and the showbread and all the other public offerings. This section contains a list of some of the public offerings that were purchased from the appropriation. Tamidim see Exodus 29:38, Numbers 28:3; musafim see Numbers 28:9 ff.; the omer Leviticus 23:10-11; the two loaves Leviticus 23:16-17; the showbread Leviticus 24:5-9.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
ספיחים – grain that comes up on its own from what was fell off/dropped at the harvest, and we give payment to the guards (i.e., these men were hired to prevent people from collecting the aftergrowth) so that poor people would not glean/gather them in the Seventh year, and bring from the Omer on Passover and the two loaves on Atzeret/Shavuot, for these do not come other than from חדש/new grain and from the Land of Israel. And we give them their payment from the Terumah/sacred donations, for the needs of the sacrifice are considered like the sacrifice itself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Those who guard the aftergrowths of the seventh year take their wages out of the appropriation from the chamber. Rabbi Yose says: [if a man wished] he could volunteer to watch without payment. But they said to him: you too admit that they can only be offered out of public funds. While it is forbidden to work the land during the seventh year, it is permitted to eat produce that grows on its own. This produce was necessary for the omer, the grain brought between Pesah and Shavuot, and the two loaves, brought on Shavuot, because these both had to come from newly harvested produce. To make sure that there was some grain in the fields the Temple would hire guards to watch the aftergrowths. These guards took their salary from the shekels. Rabbi Yose says that if an individual wishes to guard the fields without pay, he is free to do so. The other sages respond that his opinion is problematic. Rabbi Yose agrees that public sacrifices, those listed in section one, must come from public funds and not from individual donations. If one were to volunteer to watch the aftergrowths, he would by law become their owner and it would turn out that the omer and the two loaves would be coming from private donations. Therefore, individuals must take payment in return for guarding the fields.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
שומר חנם – and even though he acquired them for that which was ownerless, for when he guarded them for free and brought them, they are his. Rabbi Yosi holds that an individual sacrifice is different from the community sacrifice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
אף אתה אומר כו' – that is to say, if you admit that they don’t come other than frm the community, and if you guarded them for free and brought them, he takes possession of them. It is found that they do not come from the community [offerings] since the Rabbis hold that an individual sacrifice does not change into a community [sacrifice], and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
