Wenn ein Nichtjude einen Israeliten [Geld] auf sein (das des Israeliten) Chametz [vor Pesach] verlieh und der Israelit zu ihm sagte: "Wenn ich Sie bis zu diesem und diesem Datum nicht zurückgezahlt habe, erwerben Sie es von jetzt an", und er verließ das Verpfändung im Haus des Nichtjuden, wo ganz Pesach geblieben ist], kann er nach Pesach davon profitieren. [Denn da die Zeit gekommen war und er ihn nicht bezahlte, fehlte es dem Chametz, der sich in der Domäne des Nichtjuden befand, nicht an "Anspruch", so dass rückwirkend zu sehen ist, dass es zu dem Zeitpunkt, als er es ihm verpfändete, sein (der) war Nichtjuden)]. Und wenn ein Israelit seinem (dem Nichtjuden) Chametz einen Nichtjuden verlieh—Nach Pesach darf er keinen Nutzen daraus ziehen. [Denn es wird rückwirkend gesehen, dass es der Israelit war.] Wenn Trümmer auf Chametz fallen, wird es als entfernt betrachtet, [ungeachtet dessen, was er annullieren muss, damit der Hügel auf dem Fest nicht entfernt wird und festgestellt wird, dass er übertreten hat.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel sagt: Was auch immer ein Hund nicht suchen kann (gilt als entfernt). [Wie viel kann ein Hund suchen? (Ein Abstand von) drei Handbreiten.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
נכרי שהלוה לישראל – [a heathen who lent an Israelite] money on his leavened products [as a collateral] prior to Passover, and the Israelite said to him, “if I don’t bring you the money by such-and-such a date, buy them from now.” And for example, he pledged this to him with him in his house and it (i.e., the Hametz/leavened products) remained with the heathen all the days of Passover.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
The first section of this mishnah discusses chametz which was used to secure a loan. The second half deals with chametz upon which a large pile of stones has fallen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
לאחר הפסח מותר בהנאתו – for since the time arrived and he (i.e., the Israelite) did not pay him (i.e., the heathen) back, this is not wanting collection (i.e., not yet collected) for it was in the domain of the heathen, the matter was revealed retroactively that from the time that he pledged with him, it was his (i.e., the heathen’s).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If a gentile lent [money] to an Israelite on his chametz, after Pesah it is permitted for use. A gentile lent money to a Jew and the Jew used his chametz as a collateral to secure the loan. According to the Talmud, the Jew said to the non-Jew, “If I don’t come [to claim my chametz] before Pesach it is sold to you.” In such a case, the chametz belongs fully to the non-Jew when Pesach arrives and therefore a Jew may benefit from it after Pesach has passed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וישראל שהלוה לנכרי כו' – the matter was revealed retroactively that it belonged to the Israelite.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
But if an Israelite lent [money] to a gentile on his chametz, after Pesah it is prohibited for use. This is the opposite case a Jew lent money to a gentile before Pesach and the gentile used his chametz as collateral for the loan. He said to the Jew, “If I don’t come [to claim my chametz] before Pesach it is sold to you.” When Pesach comes this chametz fully belongs to the Jew. Therefore, a Jew may not derive any benefit from it after Pesach.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
הרי הוא כמבוער – and even though he must nullify it, lest he open up a heap of debris during the festival and it would be found that he violates [the prohibition of “lest it be seen with you”].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If ruins fell on chametz it is as if it is has been removed. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: provided that a dog cannot search it out. Chametz which is totally inaccessible because ruins a large pile of stones have fallen on it, need not be removed from a person’s property before Pesach. This is because the owner of the property does not consider this to be his chametz anymore, and indeed it is highly unlikely that he will ever again have access to it. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel clarifies that in order for chametz upon which ruins have fallen to be considered destroyed, it has to be buried deep enough that a dog wouldn’t search after it. According to the Talmud, this is three handbreadths deep.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
כל שאין הכלב יכול לחפש אחריו – and how far does a dog reach in digging (see Talmud Pesahim 31b)? Three hand-breadths.
