Wenn man unwissentlich Terumah von Chametz auf Pesach isst [Wenn er in Bezug auf die Terumah unwissend war, selbst wenn er in Bezug auf das Chametz witzig war], zahlt er den Schulleiter und ein Fünftel [obwohl es verboten ist, daraus Genuss zu ziehen Chametz auf Pesach, und es ist nichts wert. Denn in Bezug auf jemanden, der unwissentlich Terumah isst, steht geschrieben (3. Mose 22,14): "Und er wird dem Cohein das Heilige geben."— etwas, das heilig werden kann —Nicht Geld, sondern Obst. Und was bezahlt wird, wird zu Terumah, so dass nicht der Geldwert bezahlt wird.] (Wenn er es isst) witzig, [wenn er in Bezug auf die Terumah witzig war, selbst wenn er in Bezug auf das Chametz unwissend war ] ist er von der Zahlung und vom Wert des Holzes befreit. [Wenn es unreines Terumah wäre, zahlt er nicht den Wert des Holzes, das als Brennstoff zum Kochen verwendet werden kann. Denn wenn er in Bezug auf die Terumah witzig ist, ist er wie jeder andere Räuber, und er zahlt Geld, relativ zum Wert und nicht relativ zum Betrag. Aber Chametz auf Pesach hat keinen Wert, denn der Nutzen kann nicht daraus abgeleitet werden, und es ist auch als Treibstoff verboten, so dass er keinen Verlust (für die Cohein) verursacht hat.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
בשוגג – he erred inadvertently regarding Terumah/priest’s due even as he erred wittingly regarding leavened products.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a non-priest who eats on Pesah terumah which is also chametz. The case is either one in which before Pesah he separated terumah from his chametz or that he separated terumah from his matzah on Pesah and it became chametz.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
משלם קרן וחומש – and even though it is forbidden to derive benefit from leavened products on Passover, and is not worth anything, because that when one eats priest’s due inadvertently, it is written (Leviticus 22:14): “[but if a man eats of a sacred donation unwittingly,] he shall pay the priest for the sacred donation, [adding one-fifth of its value],” something that is worthy of being holy, and he does not pay him money, but rather produce, and the payment becomes priest’s due, therefore, we do not follow after the money.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One who unwittingly eats terumah chametz on Pesah must repay [to a priest] the principal plus a fifth. If he eats this terumah chametz unwittingly, he is liable for what one is normally liable to pay when a non-priest eats terumah. He must repay the value of the terumah and an added fifth to a priest (see Leviticus 22:14). Even though it was forbidden for him to derive benefit from the chametz on Pesah and therefore it is as if the chametz is not worth anything, still he makes restitution based on the size of the terumah that he ate and not its monetary value. The chametz may not have any value but it has size.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
במזיד – that he wittingly [ate] priest’s due, even if he erred inadvertently regarding leavened products, he is exempt from payment.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Intentionally, he is exempt from payment and from [liability for] its value as fuel. Normally speaking, when not Pesah, one who intentionally eats terumah is liable to repay the value of the terumah which he ate. He is treated like a robber, who pays the value of that which he robbed. Since the chametz terumah is worthless on Pesah a Jew cannot derive any benefit from it he is not liable for anything. The mishnah goes on to say he is not even liable for the value of the terumah chametz had it been used as fuel, since on Pesah not only is eating the chametz prohibited, but deriving any benefit from it is as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ומדמי עצים – if the priest’s due was ritually impure, he does not pay the cost of wood that would have been appropriate to burn underneath his dish, for [when one eats] priest’s due wittingly, he is not other than a mere thief, and he pays money according to the value and not according to the measurement, but Hametz/leavened products on Passover are not monetary for they are prohibited to derive benefit [from it], and even to burn it is not appropriate and he has not lost anything.
