Und er haftet für den Wein an sich, für die Trauben an sich, für die Chartzanim an sich und für die Zagim an sich. R. Elazar sagt: Er haftet nicht, bis er zwei Chartzanim (Körner) und deren Zack (Schale) isst, [es wird geschrieben (Numeri 6: 4): "Von Chartzanim bis Zag", wobei das Minimum von "Chartzanim" zwei ist , für die es einen Zack gibt. Die Halacha entspricht nicht R. Elazar b. Azaryah. Aber wenn man von Chartzan und Zack isst, bekommt man erst Streifen, wenn man eine Olivengröße isst. Welches sind "Charzanim" und welche sind "Zagim"? Die Chartzanim sind die äußeren (die Schale); die Zagim, die inneren (die Kerne). Dies sind die Worte von R. Yehudah. R. Yossi sagt: Machen Sie keinen Fehler. [R. Yossi gab ein Zeichen, um einen Fehler zu verhindern.] Es ist wie die Glocke eines Tieres. Der äußere Teil heißt "zug"; der innere Teil "inbal" (der Klöppel).
Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
עד שיאכלו שני חרצנים וזגן – as it is written (Numbers 6:4): “he may not eat anything that is obtained from the grapevine, even seeds or skin,” and the least amount of חרצנים/exteriors is two, and they each have one זג/interior [of grapes], but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah, but rather, one who eats from the exterior and/or the interior is not flogged until he eats from them [in total] an olive’s bulk.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
Introduction
Numbers 6:4 states: “Throughout his term as a nazirite, he may not eat anything that is obtained from the grapevine, even seeds (harzanim) or skin (zag).” Our mishnah discusses the meaning of this verse, and especially the meaning of the last two words.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
רבי יוסי אומר שלא תטעה – Rabbi Yossi would give a sign that one shouldn’t err.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
He is liable for wine on its own, for grapes on their own, for grape-skins ( on their own and for seeds ( on their own. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said: there is no penalty unless he eats two grape-skins and one seed. The verse from Numbers above states clearly that a nazirite may not eat/drink anything which comes from grapevines. Our mishnah teaches that he need not eat/drink each part of the grape in order to become liable. Rather he is liable even if he just eats seeds, or just skins or just the grapes. Furthermore, if he eats all three, according to the Talmud he is liable for three transgressions and not merely one. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah notes that the word “harzanim” is plural, whereas “zag” is singular. Therefore the Torah hints that in order to be liable he must eat two harzanim, which he interprets as seeds since grapes have more than one seed, and one zag, since each grape obviously only has one skin. This accords with Rabbi Yose’s interpretation in section two below. Note that in the introduction I have translated according to Rabbi Judah, as does JPS.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
זוג של בהמה – for the exterior is called a זוג/exterior.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
What are harzanim and what are zagim? Harzanim: those are the outer part, and the zagim are the inner part, according to Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Yose says: that you may not err, [think of] the zug [bell] of an animal, the outer part is called the zug [hood] and the inner part the inbal [clapper]. There are two interpretations for the words “harzanim” and “zagim”. According to Rabbi Judah the former are the skins and the latter are the seeds. Rabbi Yose reverses this and uses a mnemonic device to remember which is which. With a cow’s bell, the “zug” is the outer part and the inner part is called the “inbal”. What is important here is that the “zug” is the outer part. According to Jacob Milgrom in his JPS commentary on Numbers, these two words are unique; hence any suggestions as to their meaning is conjectural.
