Kommentar zu Makhshirin 4:2
מִי שֶׁיָּרְדוּ עָלָיו גְּשָׁמִים, אֲפִלּוּ אַב הַטֻּמְאָה, אֵינוֹ בְכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם נִעֵר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. עָמַד תַּחַת הַצִּנּוֹר לְהָקֵר אוֹ לִדּוֹחַ, בְּטָמֵא, טְמֵאִין. וּבְטָהוֹר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן:
[Wenn] Regen auf ein Individuum fiel, erreicht es BeKhi Yutan nicht [wenn das Wasser anschließend von ihm auf Früchte fällt], selbst wenn er ein Av HaTumah [eine Hauptquelle der Verunreinigung] ist. Aber wenn er [das Wasser abschüttelt], erreicht das BeKhi Yutan . Wenn jemand unter der Dachrinne stand, um sich abzukühlen oder sich zu waschen: Wenn er unrein war, ist das Wasser unrein; und [wenn] er rein war, der BeKhi Yutan erreicht .
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אפילו אב הטומאה – even if this person was a primary source of ritual impurity, and the liquids which came down upon him were defiled, but we stated above (Tractate Makhshirin, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1): “that impure liquids impart uncleanness whether intentionally and/or unintentionally,” nevertheless, they do not make fit for Levitical uncleanness, since the falling of rain waters upon him was unintentional/not acceptable.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If rain came down upon a person, even if he was unclean with a father of impurity, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’; The assumption the Mishnah makes is that a person does not want water to come down on his head. Therefore, the rainwater that falls on him remains pure, even if he is totally impure by being a "father of impurity" (for instance, he came into contact with a dead body).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ואם ניער (but if he shook off – the rain) – like he shook off his garment [from the dust]” [Shabbat 147a and Rashi’s commentary]; that he shook his body to remove the rain from upon it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
But if he shook it off, it does come under the law of ‘if water be put’. However, once he shakes the water off his body, it now causes produce to be susceptible to impurity because it has been intentionally removed from its "source," which in this case, is his body.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
בכי יותן – the water that falls from him are made fit for Levitical uncleanness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If one stood under a rain-pipe to cool himself or to wash himself, [the water falling on him] is unclean if he is unclean; If he is clean, it [only] comes under the law of if water be put. In this case he intentionally wanted the water to fall on him. Therefore, if he is unclean, the water becomes unclean. It also causes produce to be susceptible to impurity (unclean water always causes produce to be susceptible, but it doesn't transmit impurity to non-sacred food). If he is clean then the water is not yet unclean in and of itself. However, because he wanted it to come onto his body, it does make produce susceptible. Again, we see here an excellent example of how intent dictates purity/impurity. If he intends to get wet, the water is impure or causes susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
להקר – to cool himself
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
או לידוח – to wash his body, as for example that he was dirty with plaster or with excrement/filthy matter.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
בטמא – if he was an impure person.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
טמאים – the waters [are impure]. But if they fell on the fruit and made them fit for Levitical uncleanness and defiled them as one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ובטהור בכי יותן – and he makes them fit for Levitical uncleanness.
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