Fünf Höfe, die sich ineinander und in ein Mavui öffnen [Die Gemara kommt zu dem Schluss, dass das "Öffnen ineinander" in der Mischna weggelassen werden soll, da wir regeln, dass ein Mavui mit Lechi und Korah (siehe 1: 1) erst erlaubt ist Häuser und Innenhöfe öffnen sich hinein, dh zwei Häuser in jeden Hof und zwei Innenhöfe in das Mavui. Und diese würden als eins angesehen, wenn sie sich alle ineinander öffnen und durch ihre Öffnung durch einen Eruv miteinander verbunden würden— so dass die korrekte Darstellung "Fünf Innenhöfe, die sich zu einem Mavui öffnen" lautet] —Wenn sie einen Eruv für die Innenhöfe gemacht haben [jeder für sich], aber keine Partner im Mavui geworden sind, sind sie in den Innenhöfen erlaubt [Alle Männer des Hofes sind (darin) für sich selbst erlaubt], aber in den Innenhöfen verboten mavui, [denn eruv ist nicht darauf angewiesen, wo Partnerschaft (im mavui) erforderlich ist.] Und wenn sie Partner [auch] im mavui wurden [nachdem sie einen eruv im Hof gemacht haben], sind sie an beiden Orten erlaubt. Wenn sie einen Eruv im Hof und eine Partnerschaft im Mavui machten und einer der Männer des Hofes vergaß und keinen Eruv machte [in seinem Hof, um seinen Hof zuzulassen, aber er hatte einen Anteil am (Mavui) Partnerschaft] sind sie an beiden Orten erlaubt. [Aus dem Grund, dass die Partnerschaft nicht erforderlich ist, wenn Eruv erforderlich ist, ist, dass die Institution Eruv nicht von den Kindern abweicht (6: 5); aber hier, da die meisten Männer des Hofes einen Eruv gemacht haben und nur einer dies vergessen hat, gibt es diesbezüglich keine Angst.] (Wenn einer) der Männer des Mavui (vergessen) und nicht eintrat In die Partnerschaft sind sie in den Innenhöfen erlaubt und im Mavui verboten, denn ein Mavui zu den Innenhöfen ist wie ein Innenhof zu den Häusern. [dh wie es verboten ist, ohne Eruv von den Häusern zum Hof zu tragen, so ist es verboten, ohne Partnerschaft vom Hof zum Mavui zu tragen; und es ist nicht zu bestreiten, dass sie nicht mit Haus und Hof verglichen werden können, einer ist privat und der andere öffentlich, während Hof und Mavui beide gemein sind.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
פתוחות זו לזו ופתוחות למבוי – In the Gemara (Talmud Eruvin 73b-74a), it is proven that it is not taught in our Mishnah that [the five courtyards] are open one to another, because we hold that an alley is not permitted with a stake or a crossbeam until all the homes and the courtyards are open into it, meaning to say, two houses open to all of the courtyard and two courtyards open into the alley, and these, since all of them are open to each other and combined together through their openings, they are considered as one and it (i.e., the Mishnah) doesn’t teach other than five courtyards opened to an alley.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
To remind ourselves, in order to carry in a courtyard they would set up an eruv, and in order to carry in the alley, which would lead from courtyard to other courtyards they set up a “shittuf”, an alley partnership. Just as the eruv is a common meal placed in one of the homes, so too is the shittuf. The basic difference is functional one works for a courtyard and the other for an alley. Our mishnah deals with cases where one (either an eruv or shittuf) was set up but not the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ערבו החצרות – each one for itself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Five courtyards which were each opened into the other and into an alley, and they made an eruv for the courtyards but they did not share in a shittuf for the alley, they are permitted [the use of the] courtyards but forbidden that of the alley. The eruv which they made for the courtyards is sufficient to allow them to carry in the courtyards, but not sufficient in and of itself to allow them to carry in the alley. For that they would have needed a shittuf.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מותרים בחצרות – all the members of the courtyard are permitted to themselves but are prohibited in the valley for they don’t rely on the Eruv in a joint area.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If they shared in a shittuf for the alley [but not in the eruv for the courtyards], they are permitted the use of both. In this case, they shared in the shittuf for the alley, and this is sufficient, at least ex post facto, to allow them to carry in the courtyards as well. The shittuf is to the courtyards what the courtyards are to the individual homes, as we will see at the end of the mishnah. In other words, the alley includes the courtyards and since they can carry in the alley, they can carry in the courtyards as well.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If they made an eruv for the courtyards and they made a shittuf for the alley, and one of the tenants of a courtyard forgot to contribute to the eruv, they are permitted the use of both. This case is similar, in essence, to the previous case. The fact that one person didn’t participate in the eruv renders the eruv invalid. Nevertheless, the fact that they all participated in the shittuf renders it valid and as we learned above, sufficient to allow carrying in the courtyard as well. This section emphasizes that even if they intended to allow carrying in the courtyard by setting up the eruv but did not succeed in doing so, the shittuf is still sufficient to allow carrying in the courtyard.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ואם נשתתפו – [if they partnered] also in the alley after they made an Eruv in the courtyards, they are permitted both here and there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If one of the residents of the alley forgot to share in the shittuf, they are permitted the use of the courtyards but forbidden that of the alley, Since an alley to its courtyards is as a courtyard to its houses. This section is to section one what section three was to two (note the chiastic structure). Since the shittuf was not valid, they cannot carry in the alley. However, this doesn’t affect the eruv which they did set up and which allows carrying in the courtyards. The final clause explains the relationship between the three areas, the alley, the courtyard and the homes. Simply put, an eruv/shittuf for the larger more encompassing area is effective for the more limited area, but the opposite is not true.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ושכח אחד מבני חצר ולא עירב – in his courtyard to permit his courtyard, but in the joint partnership, he had a part.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מותרין כאן וכאן – What is the reason that they don’t rely upon the partnership in the place of the Eruv? In order that they don’t forget the designation of Eruv from their childhoods and here, where most of the members of the courtyard made an Eruv, but that one of them forgot and did not make an Eruv (by placing some bread in the common ground) the designation of Eruv is not forgotten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שהמבוי לחצרות כחצר לבתים – just as it is forbidden to remove [things] from the homes to courtyard without an Eruv, so too it is prohibited to remove [things] from the courtyard to the alley without partnership. But one should not say that they are not similar, for the house and the courtyard are the private domain and the other is the public domain, butt the courtyard and the alley are both domains of the many.
