Terumat Ma'aser [ein Zehntel des Zehnten, der einem Leviten gegeben wird, der wiederum einem Kohen gegeben werden muss und der bei der Trennung heilig wird und nur von Kohanim oder ihrem Haushalt verzehrt werden kann ] ist Bikkurim in zweierlei Hinsicht ähnlich Terumah auf zwei Arten. Es kann aus reinen Erzeugnissen entnommen werden, um unreine Erzeugnisse zuzulassen, und es kann aus Erzeugnissen entnommen werden, die sich nicht in der Nähe des Erzeugnisses befinden, das es zulässig macht, wie Bikkurim . Und es macht das, was sich auf der Tenne befindet, verboten [bevor es getrennt wird], und es hat eine erforderliche Menge, wie Terumah .
Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
נטלת מן הטהור על הטמא – For behold, the heave-offering/sacred donations [for a Kohen] are not taken from that which is pure/clean from that which is unclean/impure which is the reason that we require that which is close-by, and we are concerned that perhaps they are not close-by, for there is doubt that perhaps the pure came in contact with the impure. And this is the reason that we say here that the heave-offering/sacred donations is not taken from a mass which is not in close neighborhood of those products which are to be redeemed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Introduction
Having completed comparing bikkurim, terumah and maaser with one another, the Mishnah now turns its attention to comparing terumat maaser with bikkurim and maaser. Terumat maaser is the terumah that the Levite takes out of the tithe that he receives (see Numbers 18:26).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
ויש לה שיעור כתרומה – For the Sages gave a [minimum] measure for the heave-offering/Terumah – two out of one-hundred.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
The terumah of tithe is like bikkurim in two ways, and like terumah in two other ways: It may be taken from pure produce for impure produce; There are two ways in which terumat maaser is like bikkurim. First of all, if one has pure maaser and impure maaser , he can separate terumah from his pure maaser in order to exempt his impure maaser. When it comes to terumah, one cannot do this (see Hallah 1:9; Terumot 2:1).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
And from such produce that is not in close proximity, like bikkurim. If one has two piles of maaser, one that is in close proximity and one that lies further away, he can take terumat maaser from the close pile and thereby exempt the pile that is further away. Again, this cannot be done when it comes to giving terumah (see Hallah 1:9).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
And it renders the contents of the threshing-floor forbidden, Terumat maaser is similar to terumah in that before one separates terumat maaser he cannot eat the grain that is found on the threshing floor, or other produce found elsewhere (see above mishnah three). Not having taken bikkurim, as we learned, does not render the produce forbidden.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
And it has a prescribed amount like terumah. Terumat maaser is 1/10 of the maaser. This amount is fixed, as is terumah. Bikkurim, as we saw in mishnah three, do not have a fixed amount.
