Комментарий к Зебахим 11:7

ואחד שעירה לתוכו רותח – since it is written (Leviticus 6:21 – the printed text lists the wrong chapter): “An earthen vessel in which it was boiled shall be broken,” that it is brought near it shall be broken, but it is not written: “if it is in an engraved vessel in which it was boiled it shall be broken,” for purposes of exegetical interpretation, if it was absorbed in it, nevertheless, it shall be broken.

Introduction The earthen vessel is broken and the copper vessel scoured and rinsed if sacrifices were cooked in them. Our mishnah continues to deal with this law. We should note that again a mishnah concerning sacrificial law later becomes halakhically significant by being applied to other areas. The laws concerning cleansing the vessel in which a sacrifice is cooked are eventually used as a source for laws for how vessels are “kashered.”

קדשים קלים אינן טעונין מריקה ושטיפה – Rabbi Shimon admits that they require the cleansing of an impure vessel by means of using boiling water, for behold the flavor of that which was absorbed became a remnant and its expunging after a while in a state of permission if he doesn’t cleanse the impure vessel by means of using boiling water. But with regard to the law of scouring and rinsing is what Rabbi Shimon excludes from scouring and rinsing for Lesser Holy Things, for scouring and rinsing of The Holiest Things requires that it will be in water and not wine nor in a mixture of wine and water, but if he boiled partially a utensil, it requires scouring and rinsing of the entire utensil, and it requires scouring in hot water and rinsing in cold water. Whereas with lesser Holy Things according to Rabbi Shimon, they cleanse the impure vessel even in wine and even in a mixture of hot wine and water, and he is not strict other than to rinse the prohibited [substance] that is absorbed, and there is no need to rinse other than the place of the cooking alone, and after the cleansing of the impure vessel, there is no need for rinsing in cold water, for of these are the decrees of the Biblical verse regarding a sin-offering and the Holy of Holies, but not of Lesser Holy things. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon. But especially regarding heave-offering we exclude it from all of these thigs that we mentioned as it is written (Leviticus 6:22): “Only the males in the priest line may eat of it,” and it is taught in a Baraitha, it, except for heave-offering which does not have the law of scouring and rinsing like the Holy Things. But the Lesser Holy Things are equal to the Holy of Holies in all the laws of scouring and rinsing. But regarding the explanation of scouring and rinsing, the Tannaim disagreed in the Baraitha: there is one [opinion] that states that scouring and cleansing of impure vessels is done in hot water and rinsing is done in cold water. And there is one [opinion] that states that scouring and rinsing, both of them are done in cold water after the cleansing of impure vessels in hot water, as it is taught in the Mishnah shortly nearby (i.e., at the conclusion of our Mishnah), but that scouring is like scouring of a cup and rinsing is like the rinsing of the cup, that the one is from the outside and the other is from the inside, that is to say, rinsing is done from the outside and scouring is done from the inside. But the Halakha is according to the words of the one who states that scouring is done with hot water and rinsing is done with cold water.

Whether one boiled in it or poured boiling [sacrificial flesh] into it, whether most sacred sacrifices or lesser sacrifices, [the pot] requires scouring and rinsing. Rabbi Shimon says: lesser sacrifices do not require scouring and rinsing. The earthen vessel must be broken and the copper vessel scoured and rinsed whether they were used to boil a sacrifice or whether a boiled sacrifice was poured into them. The important thing is that since the sacrifice was hot when it was in the vessel, the vessel absorbed some of the taste of the sacrifice and it must subsequently be cleansed. This remains a normative law in kashrut – vessels absorb the taste of that which is cooked in them only if the food is hot. The verses from Leviticus 6 refer only to the hatat. Nevertheless, the rabbis extend these laws to other sacrifices. Just as the taste of the hatat needs to be removed from the vessels, so too does the taste of other sacrifices. The first opinion holds that this is true for most holy sacrifices, like the hatat and the asham, and for less holy sacrifices like the shelamim and todah. Rabbi Shimon says that if the vessel was used to cook a less holy sacrifice, it need not be scoured and rinsed.

יבשל בו את כל הרגל – without scouring and rinsing, but at the end, he should scour and rinse, because on each day, he does the cleansing of impure vessels for his fellow,, for since the peace-offerings are many on the Festival, none of their absorption becomes [forbidden] remnant, for the time of the peace-offerings are two days, and when he cooks in it the peace-offerings nowadays, and returns and cooks in it peace-offerings for the morrow from peace-offerings that were slaughtered on the day after, it expunges what it absorbed yesterday and absorbs from the latter [sacrifices], it is found that he doesn’t come to [violation] of remnant.

Rabbi Tarfon says: if one boiled [sacrifices in a pot] at the beginning of a festival, he can boil in it during the whole festival. But the sages say: until the time of eating, scouring and rinsing. Rabbi Tarfon says that if a vessel was used to cook a sacrifice at the beginning of a seven day festival (Sukkot or Pesah), one can continue to use that vessel throughout the entire festival without scouring and rinsing it. Since the vessel will be in continuous use due to the large number of sacrifices offered during the festival, each time it is used the vessel will discharge the taste of the previous sacrifice cooked in it, and thereby the taste of that sacrifice will never become “remnant,” sacrifice left over past the time when it must be eaten. The other rabbis hold that the vessel must be scoured and rinsed before the time in which any sacrifice that was in it had to be eaten. For instance, if a hatat is put into the vessel, then the vessel must be scoured and rinsed by midnight, for that is when the hatat becomes remnant. This is true even if another sacrifice, for instance a shelamim, is cooked in there before this time. The rabbis disagree that the taste of the sacrifice will be completely discharged through cooking another sacrifice. Since the taste will remain, it must be scoured and rinsed within the time that any sacrifices are cooked in it.

וחכמים אומרים עד זמן אכילה – so that there will not be between the end of the cooking to the beginning of the scouring and rinsing other than the time of eating alone, and not more that this, as it says (Leviticus 6:21): “[the vessel] shall be scoured and rinsed with water,” and it is written (Leviticus 6:22): “Only the males in the priestly line shall eat of it,” but why did Scripture place these verses next to teach other? To inform you that we delay only the time for eating and afterwards we perform scouring and rinsing immediately on the same day. And the Halakah is according to the Sages.

Scouring is done as the scouring of a goblet; and rinsing is as the rinsing of a goblet, Scouring and rinsing are done to the copper vessels as is done with a goblet, which means that they are thoroughly cleansed.

האסכלה (lattice-work of a fire place, grille, grating) – GRADILA in the foreign tongue. And it is made like a kind of net-work/mat and we roast upon it something roasted.

Scouring [in hot water] and rinsing in cold [water]. There are two different versions of this line. According to one version, not found in manuscripts but accepted by the Rambam, scouring is done with hot water. Since the taste came in to the vessel through hot water, it can only be removed through hot water. According to the other version, the scouring need only be done through cold water. According to both versions, rinsing is done through cold water.

מגעילן – in hot water.

The spit and the grill are cleansed with hot water. A spit or grill upon which a sacrifice was roasted, must be cleansed by being put into boiling water. Since these were directly on the fire, the requirements for cleansing are greater.