Что касается воды, которая стала непригодной для питья животными, если они находятся в [любых видах] сосудах, они недопустимы [для мытья рук]; и если они находятся в земле [то есть в канаве], они действительны [для того, чтобы омыться ими, погрузив в них руки]. Если чернила, сок или металлический краситель попадают в них и изменяют их внешний вид, они недопустимы [т.е. воды недопустимы для мытья]. Если они использовались для какой-либо профессии, или если кто-то впитал в себя хлеб, они недействительны. Шимон, сказал Теймани: даже если кто-то намеревался [впитать свой хлеб] в эти [воды], и он упал в эти [воды], они действительны [для умывания].
Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
שנפסלו משתיית בהמה - as for example, on account of offensive smell/stench. But if it became unfit on account of plaster/mud/clay, even in the ground, it is unfit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
Introduction
The next three mishnayot deal with the water used for netilat yadayim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
בכלים פסולים – for the Rabbis did not establish pouring [water on the hands] other than with what appropriate for animals to drink.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
Water which had become so unfit that it could not be drunk by a beast: If it was in a vessel it is invalid, But if it was in the ground it is valid. If the water that he wants to use for netilat yadayim was so dirty that even a cow or other beast wouldn't drink it, it can't be used if the water has been put in a vessel. Note that this water would have to be pretty dirty, or at least it seems so to me. But if the water is still pooled on the ground, he can use it to immerse his hands for this pool has the status of a mikveh. If he could immerse his whole body in such a pool, all the more so he can immerse his hands.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
בקרקע כשרים – to ritually immerse the hands for purification, for they are a Mikveh and one immerses in them all of his body, his hands is it not all the more so?
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If there fell into [the water], dye, or gum or sulphate of copper and its color changed, it is invalid. If any inks or dyes fall into the water and thereby change its color, the water can no longer be used.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
קומוס (gum, resin) – GUMA in the foreign language.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If a person did any work with it or soaked his bread in it, it is invalid. Water that has used for work (perhaps as a weight on a balance) or for soaking bread, is no longer considered water and cannot be used for netilat yadayim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
וקנקנתום (vitriol, shoe-black) - VIDRIOLI. And it shines like a kind of glass/crystal.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
Shimon of Teman says: even if he intended to soak his bread in one water and it fell into another water the water is valid. Shimon of Teman (Yemen) holds that the water is disqualified for use only if he intentionally soaked his bread in it. His statement implies that it is obvious that if he didn't intend to soak his bread in the water and the bread simply fell in, the water is still valid for use. He goes one step further. Even if he did intend to use water to soak the bread, but he intended to put the bread in one vessel and it went into another vessel, the vessel with the bread in it can still be used. The water is disqualified only if the bread goes directly into the vessel into which he intended to put it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
עשה בהן מלאכה או ששרה בהן פתו פסולין - because he abolished them and they became changed from the category of water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
אפילו נתכוין לשרות בזה – with astonishment. And even if he intended to soak his bread in one place and it fell into another place, they would be unfit, for didn’t he not intend and did not abolish them? But rather, they are definitely kosher/fit. But the Halakah is not according to Rabbi Shimon the Temani.
