Комментарий к Таанит 2:7

אנשי משמר מותרין לשתות יין – This is not referring to the fast, but it is these are speaking of the membes of the division that they bring it here.

Introduction In the previous mishnah we learned that the men of the guard have to fast more on a Taanit then the “men of the father’s house.” Today’s mishnah teaches another distinction between the two groups, one that has nothing to do with fast days.

בלילות – that we should not fear lest the service become too heavy on the men of each division who served daily at night where they [i.e., others] would need to come to assist them.

The men of the guard are permitted to drink wine in the evenings but not during the day, but the men of the father’s house may not [drink wine] either on the day or on the preceding evening. A kohen may not be drunk while serving in the Temple. Our mishnah discusses when during his week of service in the Temple a priest may drink. The men not serving in the Temple on a given day may drink at night. Since there is little work to be done in the Temple at night, they are allowed to drink. However, during the day they may not drink. This is because these kohanim may be asked to replace or supplement those members of the father’s house who are serving on that day. Since they might end up serving in the Temple, they may not drink. The men of the father’s house, who are actually serving in the Temple may not drink either at night or in the day. Even though there is not much work to be done at night, there may be some work so they may not drink.

לא ביום ולא בלילה – since they had to bring up all night fats and limbs that sprang from the altar.

Both the men of the guard and the men of the ma'amad may not cut their hair nor wash their clothes, but on Thursday they may [do so] in honor of Shabbat. Corresponding to the twenty-four divisions of priests, there were twenty-four divisions of Israelites who would offer up special prayers while their corresponding division of priests were serving in the Temple. These groups are called ma’amadim or a ma’amad. The purpose of this set-up is to allow all of Israel to take part in the sacrificial service. This week is special holiday-like time for each group. In order to encourage the men of the ma’amad to cut their hair and wash their clothes before their week, they are not allowed to do so during this week. As an aside, we should note that this is similar to the laws concerning the intermediate days of the festival (we shall learn these when we learn Tractate Moed Katan). However, they may cut their hair and wash their clothes on Thursday in preparation for the coming of Shabbat. Again we see what an important place Shabbat played in their lives.

אנשי מעמד – these were Israelites who were set up in Jerusalem and stood over the sacrifices of their brethren and would pray that it would be accepted with favor. And during the time of the Divine Service, representatives from all Israel would stand there, for how could the sacrifice of a person be offered and he was not standing by it, as the Bible states (Numbers 28:2): “…Be punctilious in presenting to Me at stated times.” For the Israelite, it was a commandment that they should stand over the Kohanim at the time of Divine Worship.

אסורים לספר ולכבס – When they entered into their division, all the entire week, in order that they should cut their hair prior to that, therefore they would not enter their division while they look repulsive.

ובחמישי – in the midst of their division service [on the given Thursday]. מותרים – it is the manner of most people to get their hair cut on Thursday and not put off shaving/cutting their hair until Friday because of the pain-staking preparations.