Если в субботу выпадает первый день праздника, каждый приносит свой лулав в синагогу (в канун субботы). [Поскольку позже утверждается, что мицва лулавов отменяет субботу только в первый день праздника. Поэтому они приносили туда своих лулавов из канун субботы.] На следующий день они рано встают и приходят (в синагогу). Каждый признает свое и берет его. Ибо мудрецы сказали: «В первый день праздника человек не выполняет своих обязанностей с лулавом своего соседа» [написано (Левит 23:40): «И возьмешь себя в первый день»). И если его сосед вручает его ему в качестве подарка, даже при условии, что он его вернет, это добросовестный подарок, и он берет его и выполняет с ним свои обязательства, а затем возвращает его. И если он не возвращает его, задним числом видно, что он был украден с самого начала— в этом случае он не выполнил свое обязательство.] И в другие дни праздника каждый выполняет свое обязательство с лулавом своего соседа.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
יום טוב ראשון וכו' – for we say further on (Tractate Sukkah, Chapter 4, Mishnah 2) that the command of [taking up and waving] the Lulav supersedes the Sabbath on the first Day of the Holy Day alone. Therefore, they would bring to there their Lulavim/palm branches (literally, but it refers to the Four Species) from Friday.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
Introduction
Today we don’t take the lulav on Shabbat. However, in the time of the Mishnah if the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, they would take the lulav, because as we learned in mishnah twelve, the taking of the lulav on the first day of Sukkot is mandatory even outside of the Temple. Our mishnah teaches how they avoided the problem of carrying the lulav to the synagogue on Shabbat, which is clearly a transgression.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
אין אדם יוצא וכו' – as it is written (Leviticus 23:40): “On the first day, you shall take [the product of hadar trees…..],” “you/yourself” – from that which is yours. , and if one’s fellow gave it to him as a gift even with the condition of returning it, it is called a gift, and he waves it and fulfills with it [his religious obligation] and afterwards he returns it to him. But if he did not return it to him, it has been revealed retroactively that it was [actually] stolen in his hand from the outset, and he did not fulfill his [religious] obligation.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
If the first day of the festival falls on Shabbat, all the people bring their lulavim to the synagogue [on Friday]. In order to avoid the problem of carrying on Shabbat, the people would bring their lulavim to the synagogue on Friday and leave them there for the next day.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
The next day they arise early [and come to the synagogue] and each one recognizes his own [lulav] and takes it, since the sages said “one cannot fulfill his obligation on the first day of the festival with his friend’s lulav.” The only problem with this is that a person needs to use his own lulav on the first day of the festival, because the Torah says “and you shall take for yourselves on the first day” understood to mean that the lulav must belong to the person taking it. If all of the lulavim were heaped together in the synagogue a person might not know which lulav is his own. Therefore the mishnah says that everyone must be able to recognize his own lulav.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
But on the other days of the festival one may fulfill his obligation with the lulav of his fellow. The verse which implies that the lulav must belong to the person taking it refers only to the first day of the festival. After this day a person may fulfill his obligation with someone else’s lulav. The result is that if Shabbat falls on another day of the festival, not on the first day, they need not recognize which lulav belongs to them. They therefore would bring their lulav to the synagogue on Friday but they wouldn't have to worry about recognizing their own lulav.
