Комментарий к Пеа́ 2:7
שָׂדֶה שֶׁקְּצָרוּהָ כּוּתִים, קְצָרוּהָ לִסְטִים, קִרְסְמוּהָ נְמָלִים, שְׁבָרַתָּהּ הָרוּחַ אוֹ בְהֵמָה, פְּטוּרָה. קָצַר חֶצְיָהּ וְקָצְרוּ לִסְטִים חֶצְיָהּ, פְּטוּרָה, שֶׁחוֹבַת הַפֵּאָה בַּקָּמָה:
Если поле было убрано неевреями, убито грабителями, разжевано муравьями или разбито ветром или животными, оно освобождается [от Peah ]. Если он [владелец] собрал половину, а [затем] грабители собрали половину, это освобождается от ответственности, поскольку обязательство Пеа распространяется только на стоящее зерно.
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
שדה שקצרוה גוים – for themselves. But the heathen workers did not harvest it for an Israelite, for then, it is as if an Israelite harvested it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
A person is obligated to give peah from his field only if he harvested it. Our mishnah brings examples where the owner didn’t harvest the field and hence is exempt from giving peah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
קרסמוה נמלים – it is the manner of ants to sever the branch of an ear of corn from the bottom, and this is called the plucking of tops off, in the language of (Psalms 80:14): “wild boars gnaw at it.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
A field harvested by gentiles, or harvested by robbers, or which ants have bitten [the stalks at the roots], or which wind and cattle have broken down, is exempt from peah. If he didn’t harvest the field because it was harvested by others who are not obligated by the laws of peah, for instance, gentiles or robbers, he is not obligated to give peah. Even if the gentiles or robbers leave the stalks in the field for the owner to collect, he is still not obligated to give peah. Furthermore, if the field’s produce is “reaped” by animals, for instance ants that nibble away at the stalks at their roots thereby “reaping” the grain, or by wind or cattle which break the stalks, he need not leave peah. This rule is based on a midrash on verses such as Leviticus 19:9, which state, “When you harvest your field” you have to harvest to be liable for peah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
פטורה – as it is written concerning the corner (Leviticus 23:22): “and when you reap [the harvest of your land…” until you, yourselves will be the reapers/harvesters.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
If [the owner] harvested half of it and robbers harvested half, it is exempt from peah, for the obligation of peah is in the standing grain. If he harvested the first half and then robbers came and harvested the second half he is exempt from giving peah. This is because the obligation of giving peah is “set” at the time that the last standing stalk is harvested. Since this was done by the robbers, the owner is exempt from peah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
שחובת הקציר בקמה – that is to say, the obligation for the corner of this that is left standing, and assuming that if the field was destroyed, the corner returned to the sheaves and he is liable to separate the corner from the sheaves; these words apply where the field was destroyed, but here it was not destroyed.
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