Комментарий к Охолот 8:2
הַזִּיזִין, וְהַגִּזְרִיּוֹת, וְהַשּׁוֹבָכוֹת, וְהַשְּׁקִיפִים, וְהַסְּלָעִים, וְהַגְּהָרִים, וְהַשְּׁנָנִים, וְהַסְּכָכוֹת, וְהַפְּרָעוֹת, שֶׁהֵן יְכוֹלִים לְקַבֵּל מַעֲזִיבָה רַכָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מַעֲזִיבָה בֵינוֹנִית. אֵלּוּ הֵן הַסְּכָכוֹת, אִילָן שֶׁהוּא מֵסֵךְ עַל הָאָרֶץ. וְהַפְּרָעוֹת, הַיּוֹצְאוֹת מִן הַגָּדֵר:
[Другие объекты, которые распространяются и блокируют примеси, включают:] уступы, балконы, голубятни, расщелины скал и скал, окна, используемые для света, острые скалы, навесы и выступы, которые могут поддерживать легкую штукатурку, говорит раввин Меир. Мудрецы говорят, средний пластырь. Что такое навес? Дерево, которое нависает над землей. Что такое выпячивание? То, что простирается из забора.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
הזיזין (projections from door frames serving as a shed over the entrance – or a molding projecting from a window-sill serving as a bracket) – a piece of wood or an individual stone that protects out from the wall is called a זיז.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Introduction
Our mishnah continues to list things that both serve as a barrier against impurity and bring impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
גזריות – like [the word]גזוזטראות /balconies). A building of stones or of wood that project from the wall.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Projections from a wall, balconies, dovecotes, crevices and crags, grottoes, [overhanging] pinnacles, interlaced boughs and protruding stones as long as they are cable of sustaining thin plasterwork, the words of Rabbi Meir. These are mostly naturally formed protrusions that either jut out from walls or are carved into them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והשובכות – of doves.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
But the sages say a medium plasterwork. According to Rabbi Meir, for the interlaced boughs and protruding stones to both bring impurity and protect against it, they must be close enough together such that if thin plaster was poured on top it would not drip through. Other commentators interpret Rabbi Meir differently. Rabbi Meir holds that as long as the boughs and stones are strong enough to hold a thin layer of plasterwork, they can bring impurity and protect against it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והשקיפים והסלעים – we explained this above at the conclusion of chapter 3 [of this tractate] (i.e., clefts in the stones and rocks – one made by the rain and the other made on its own).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
What are interlaced boughs? A tree which casts shade over the ground. Protruding stones? [Stones] that project from a wall. Just as there were two interpretations of Rabbi Meir, there are two interpretations of the sages who disagree with him. According to the first interpretation, as long as the boughs and stones can prevent plaster-work of medium thickness from dripping through, they bring impurity and protect against it. According to the second interpretation, the stones and boughs must be strong enough to hold a medium layer of plasterwork to bring and protect against impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
גהרים (projection, jetty) - kind of holes that from there comes the light. And there are those who explain it as kinds of caves and thorns.-
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
This section defines what interlaced boughs and protruding stones are.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והשננים (pointed rocks/cliffs) – teeth of the rock.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מעזיבה רכה – as for example that they make from willow and reeds and place upon them a bit of plaster.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מעזיבה בינונית – but if they are not able to endure other than a soft concrete of stone chippings, they don’t bring the defilement and do not interpose. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
אילן מיסך -the language of (Exodus 25:20): “shielding the cover with their wings.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והפרעות היוצאות מן הגדר (the case of protruding boughs on one of which is an uncleanness – which protrudes from the hedge) – it is the manner of a fence that we place on its top thorns and thistles, and they are more abundant on the fence and protrude outward. And [the word] פרעות/long, entangled growth (i.e., protruding boughs). The language of (Numbers 6:5): “[the hair of his head] left to grow untrimmed.”
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