И это те, кто получает полосы [Не только "эти". Ибо Танна учит (этим) и опускает многих, кто получает полосы. Но он учит нас, склонных к карету, сообщать нам, что нашлись те, кто склонен к карету. И он учит нас, разводившихся вдовами, уведомлять нас о том, что в этом случае существует полосовая ответственность по двум наставлениям. И он учит нас рассказывать и давать первую десятину, чьи терума не были отделены, потому что их увещание прямо не указано. Точно так же хекдеш (посвященная еда), который не был искуплен. А так как он учит хекдеш, он учит второму десятину, получая полосы с обоими из-за невыкупления. Точно так же, со всеми, есть некоторая новизна (о которой мы узнаем)]: тот, кто живет с его сестрой, с сестрой его отца, с сестрой его матери, с сестрой его жены, с женой его брата, с женой брат его отца, с ниддой (женщиной в ее менструальном состоянии), первосвященником, который живет с вдовой, обычным священником, который живет с разведенным или с халузой, израильтянином, который живет с мамзеретом (проблема незаконные отношения) или с нитиной [потомком гевонитян (отношения), подверженной полосам по причине (Второзаконие 7: 3): «не вступайте в брак с ними».], и израильтянкой, которая живет с нифинами или мамзер. (Первосвященник, который живет с) вдовой-разведенной, которая была овдовевшей от другого мужчины], склонна к полосам из-за двух призывов (оба (разведенный и вдова) указаны в Писании, и оба призваны против.] ( Cohein, который живет с) divorcée-chalutzah [то есть chalutzah, который был разведен], склонен к полосам только из-за одного увещания. [Он не несет ответственности по двум наставлениям, поскольку чалуца прямо не указана, а получена из дополнения («и»), а именно. (Левит 21: 7): «Женщина развелась»—Это говорит мне только о разводе. Когда я получу chalutzah (как также запрещено)? От: «и женщина развелась».]
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
אלו הן הלוקין – not exactly these, for the Mishnah taught and left out many of those who were to be flogged, but since the Mishnah taught those who were liable for extirpation, to teach us that there is flogging with those liable for extirpation, and the Mishnah taught a widow and a divorcee, to teach us that a widow who is also a divorcee is liable upon her two titles. , And it is taught [in Mishnah 2 of this chapter] that eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts and First Tithe when priest’s due had not been taken, but it doesn’t explain their explicit prohibition clearly, and similarly, property dedicated to the Temple that had not been redeemed, for since the Mishnah taught about property dedicated to the Temple, it taught [about] the Second Tithe, for both of them [are punishable] by flogging because of lack of redemption, and similarly with most of them there is a side that is novel.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Introduction
The final chapter of Makkoth discussed those who are liable to be flogged. There are three reasons that a person is flogged: 1) one who transgresses a Biblical law for which the penalty is kareth (heavenly excommunication). According to the Rabbis one who was flogged is not penalized by kareth, considered to be a more serious punishment. 2) One who transgresses a Biblical law which is punishable by death by the hands of Heaven. 3) One who transgresses a Biblical negative commandment, provided the transgression was active. Our chapter lists many categories of those who are to flogged but the list is not exhaustive.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
נתינה – She is from the Gibeonites, and her flogging is from (Deuteronomy 7:3): “You shall not intermarry with them.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
And these are liable to be flogged: One who had relations with his sister, or his father's sister, or his mother's sister, or his wife's sister, or his brother's wife, or his father's brother's wife, or a menstruant; This mishnah lists sexual offenses which are not punishable by death. In each of these cases both offenders, the man and the woman will be flogged. These forbidden relations are discussed in Leviticus chapters eighteen and twenty.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
אלמנה – She became widowed from another man, and she is a divorcee, and one is liable upon her two [sets] of floggings.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
A high priest who marries a widow, an ordinary priest who marries a divorcee or a halutzah; This section lists marriages forbidden to high priests and ordinary priests. They are listed in Leviticus 21:7, 13-15.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
משום שני שמות – because of two explicit prohibitions, for both of them are explained in Scripture, and the explicit prohibitions for both of them are stated.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
An Israelite who marries a mamzereth or natinah, or an Israelite woman who is married to a mamzer or a natin. This section lists marriages forbidden to ordinary Israelites. A mamzer or mamzereth (a female mamzer), mentioned in Deuteronomy 23:3, is one born of a forbidden union which carries with it a punishment of kareth or death. A natin or natina (a female natin) is a descendent of the Gibeonites, those who tricked Joshua into accepting them as converts, upon which he declared them to be woodchoppers and water-drawers and forbade them to marry ordinary Israelites (Joshua 9:27).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
גרושה – and she is a woman released from leviratical marriage, and he is not liable concerning her for two titles, for the woman released from leviratical marriage has no Jewish marriage contract, other than through extension of scope/amplification [of the Biblical passage] we bring it to her, as it is taught in a Baraita: “I don’t know anything about a divorcee other than the divorcee itself; a woman released from leviratical marriage, from where do I know it, as we learn, “and a woman” (Leviticus 18:18).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
In the case of a [woman who is both] a divorcee and a widow [a high priest] is liable on two counts. But in the case of a [woman who is both] a divorcee and a halutzah, an ordinary priest is liable only on one count. A widow who is also a divorcee, i.e. her first husband died and her second husband divorced her, is forbidden to a high priest on two counts. If he were to marry such a woman he would be obligated to be flogged for each transgression, even though he did only one act. A divorcee and a halutzah (one who has been rejected by her levir, her dead husband’s brother) are forbidden to an ordinary priest. However, the prohibition of the halutzah to an ordinary priest is only a Rabbinic prohibition, not Biblical, as is the prohibition to a divorcee Therefore, an ordinary priest who marries a divorcee who is also a halutzah is only flogged for one transgression.
