[Если] дождевая вода капала в корыто, [вода], которая выплеснулась [вышла] или переполнилась, не достигает BeKhi Yutan . [Если] он взял [корыто], чтобы вылить [воду] Бейт Шаммай сказал: «Это достигает Бехи Ки Ютан [если вода впоследствии падает на фрукты]; Бейт Гилель говорит: Этого не добьется БеХи Ютан . [Если] он [изначально] поставил желоб так, чтобы [вода] могла в него капать, Бейт Шаммай сказал: его [вода], которая выплескивается или переполняется, достигает BeKhi Yutan . Бейт Гилель говорит: Этого не добьется БеХи Ютан . [Если] он взял [корыто], чтобы вылить [воду], обе [школы] соглашаются, что это достигает BeKhi Yutan . [Если] человек погружает сосуды или моет свою одежду в пещере, вода, которая попадает на его руки, достигает Бехи Ки Ютана ; [вода, которая отрывается] его ноги не достигают BeKhi Yutan . Раввин Элазар говорит: Если он не может спуститься в пещеру без загрязнения его ног, даже вода, которая поднимается на его ногах, достигает Бехи Ки Ютана .
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
הניתזין (that are splashing) – from it outwards.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Introduction
Yesterday's mishnah dealt with water from a roof that falls into a jar of produce. Today's mishnah deals with water that falls into a tub.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
והצפין (that which overflows the vessel) – above and goes outward. All of them are not [considered as] under the law of “when water is put” (Leviticus 11:38), because they are not done intentionally, and similarly the water that is inside of them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
A tub into which a like [from a roof] fell, the water which splashed out or ran over does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. The water in the tub and even the water that flows or splashes out of the tub does not cause susceptibility because in this case (unlike the case in section three) he didn't put it there in order to collect it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
נטלה לשפכה – that he did not pour them out in their place but rather he took the trough to pour the water out in another place, they are [considered as] under the law of “when water is put,” for they are done intentionally, since he did not pour them out immediately there in their place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If one moved the tub in order to pour out the water: Bet Shammai say: it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. But Bet Hillel say: it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. According to Bet Shammai, once he lifts up the tub in order to pour out the water, he gives significance to the water because he is thinking about what to do with it. Therefore, it will now cause susceptibility to impurity. Bet Hillel says that even in this case the water does not cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ובית הלל אומרים – since he did not leave them there but took them to pour them, they are not [considered as] under the law of “when water is put.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If one placed the tub in order that the leak [from the roof] should fall into it: Bet Shammai say: the water that splashes out or runs over comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. But Bet Hillel say: it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. In this case, he intentionally put the tub under the roof so that the water would fall in. Both houses would agree that the water in the tub does cause susceptibility because that is where he intended the water to go. The houses disagree concerning the water that spills or splashes out. According to Bet Shammai since he wanted the water to go into the tub, the water that goes in and then splashes out does cause susceptibility. Bet Hillel says that since this water did not end up in the tub, where he wanted it to go, it does not cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
הניחה – if he left the trough there from the outset in order that the drippings from the roof would come down upon it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If one moved the tub in order to pour out the water, both agree that it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. Once he lifts up the tub to pour out the water, the water retains its ability to cause susceptibility. The difference here is that he intentionally removed the water, whereas in section three it just spilled or splashed out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אלו ואלו – The School of Shammai and the School of Hillel agree that even though that he took it and afterwards poured it out, they are under the law of “when water is put,” since he had already considered/intended it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If one immersed vessels or washed his garment in a cavern, the water that came up on his hands comes under the law of ‘if water be put’; but what came up on his feet does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. Rabbi Eliezer says: if it was not possible for him to go down into the cavern without soiling his feet, what came up on his feet also comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. Since he needed to get his hands wet to immerse the vessel, the water that clings to his hands does cause susceptibility. But theoretically he could immerse the vessel without getting his feet wet or dirty, so the water that clings to his feet does not cause susceptibility. Rabbi Eliezer adds a caveat that if there was no way to immerse the vessel without getting his feet wet and dirty then the water that clings to his feet also causes susceptibility. As a reminder, when someone does something that will necessarily cause him or part of him, or even his things to get wet, the water that clings to him is something he desired because he knew that he would get wet. But if he didn't need to get wet, and also wouldn't have wanted to do so, then the contact with the water is not to his wishes and the water does not cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
מים העולים בידיו – that he washes [his clothing] with them, and it is satisfactory to him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ברגליו – it is not satisfactory to him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אא"כ נטנפו רגליו (unless his feet become muddy/soiled) – they are under the law of “when water is put,” anything that he would fill in a jar that is mentioned above, for water that comes up after it is under the law of “when water is put,” as it is explained above, because it is impossible for water to enter into it until they touch its outside (but the Halakha does not follow Rabbi Eliezer).
