Тот, кто говорит своему другу: «Вот этот Иссар для десяти фигов, которые я выберу для себя», он может выбирать и есть [фиги по одному без десятины. Если он сказал: «Для грозди винограда, которую я выберу для себя», он может собирать [виноград из грозди] и есть [по одному за раз]. [Если он сказал: «Для граната, который я выберу для себя», он может разобрать [гранат] и съесть [по одному кусочку за раз]. [Если он сказал] «За дыню, которую я выберу для себя», он может нарезать и есть [по одной порции за раз]. Но если он сказал «за эти двадцать фиников», или «за эти две группы», или «за эти две дыни», он может съесть их своим обычным способом и освободиться [от десятины], потому что он купил их, пока они были все еще прикреплен к земле.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
שאבור – that I will select and choose.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
This mishnah teaches ways in which a person can buy produce and yet continue to eat it without tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
בורר ואוכל – he detaches one by one and eats, but if he didn’t detach and combined two of them, he is liable [for tithing].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
One who says to his friend: “Here is an issar for ten figs which I choose for myself,” he may choose them and eat [one at a time without tithing]. [If he said] “For a cluster of grapes which I choose for myself,” he may pick grapes from the cluster and eat. [If he said], “For a pomegranate which I choose for myself,” he may take apart [the pomegranate] and eat [it one piece at a time]. [If he said] “For a watermelon, which I choose for myself,” he may slice and eat [it one piece at a time]. In all of the cases in this mishnah, the person gives the person money on condition that he chooses which particular piece of fruit he is buying. The fruit is still attached to the ground. The purchase is only completed once he picks the fruit. Therefore, he can eat them without tithing, but only one at a time, as was Rabbi Judah’s opinion in yesterday’s mishnah. The same is true for the grapes, pomegranate and watermelon mentioned in the remainder of this section. Since he doesn’t determine which piece of fruit he is buying until he picks it, this is considered a case of buying produce that is already detached from the ground.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מגרגר – he harvests each berry and eats them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
But if he said “For these twenty figs,” or “For these two clusters,” or “For these two water-melons,” he may eat them in his usual way and be exempt [from tithe], because he bought them while they were still attached to the ground. In this case he specifies which of the fruit he wants to eat. In this way, he succeeds in acquiring the fruit while it is still attached to the ground. Buying fruit while it is still attached to the ground does not make it liable for tithes, and therefore, he can eat from it in a chance fashion before it is tithed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
פורט – while the pomegranate is attached [to the ground], he splits it into segments/singles them out and eats berry after berry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
ובאבטיח סופת ואוכל – that is to say, he cuts small slices and eats [them].
