Комментарий к Келим 16:1
כָּל כְּלִי עֵץ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִשֻּׁלְחָן הַכָּפוּל, וְתַמְחוּי הַמִּזְנוֹן, וְהָאֱפִיפוֹרִין שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמָּגֵס, וְקוֹד הַבַּבְלִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. כְּלֵי עֵץ, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. הַמִּטָּה וְהָעֲרִיסָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֵם בְּעוֹר הַדָּג. גָּמַר שֶׁלֹּא לָשׁוּף, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים:
Деревянный сосуд, который был разбит на две части, становится чистым, за исключением складного стола, тарелки с отсеками для [разных видов] пищи и подножия для ног домохозяина. Раввин Иегуда говорит: двойное блюдо и вавилонский сосуд для питья одинаковы. Когда деревянные сосуды начинают восприимчивы к примесям? Кровать и детская кроватка, после того как они отшлифованы рыбьей кожей. Если владелец решил не шлифовать их, они подвержены загрязнению. Раввин Меир говорит: кровать [становится подверженной нечистоте], когда он вяжет три ряда мешей.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל כלי עץ. שלחן הכפול – it is made by links/segment of earth cut out in digging a pit and piled up on its border or sections, and after they remove it, they fold the segments or sections one top of the other, and each segment is a vessel on its own.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A wooden vessel that was broken into two parts becomes clean, except for a folding table, a dish with compartments for [different kinds of] food, and a householder's footstool.
Rabbi Judah says: a double dish and a Babylonian drinking vessel are subject to the same law.
When do wooden vessels begin to be susceptible to impurity?
A bed and a cot, after they are sanded with fishskin. If the owner determined not to sand them over they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Meir says: a bed becomes susceptible to impurity as soon as three rows of meshes have been knitted in it.
Section one: Generally, if a wooden vessel is broken into two parts it becomes clean if it was previously impure. So too, the two parts are no longer susceptible to impurity. The exceptions are wooden vessels whose pieces can still be used when the original vessel is cut into two. All of the vessels listed here can be used even when broken into two parts.
Section two: The mishnah now asks the question that it has asked with regard to vessels made of other types of material (earthenware and metal) when is the manufacture of the vessel completed such that the vessel can become impure?
For a bed and a cot to be susceptible, the wood frame must have been sanded.
However, if the owner decided to use them without sanding them, then they are susceptible even without sanding.
Beds were made by tying ropes under the frame and then tightening them to form a support (hence the phrase sleep tight!). The ropes ran the length and the breadth of the bed. According to Rabbi Meir, as soon as three rows are made in each direction, the bed is usable and is susceptible to impurity.
Rabbi Judah says: a double dish and a Babylonian drinking vessel are subject to the same law.
When do wooden vessels begin to be susceptible to impurity?
A bed and a cot, after they are sanded with fishskin. If the owner determined not to sand them over they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Meir says: a bed becomes susceptible to impurity as soon as three rows of meshes have been knitted in it.
Section one: Generally, if a wooden vessel is broken into two parts it becomes clean if it was previously impure. So too, the two parts are no longer susceptible to impurity. The exceptions are wooden vessels whose pieces can still be used when the original vessel is cut into two. All of the vessels listed here can be used even when broken into two parts.
Section two: The mishnah now asks the question that it has asked with regard to vessels made of other types of material (earthenware and metal) when is the manufacture of the vessel completed such that the vessel can become impure?
For a bed and a cot to be susceptible, the wood frame must have been sanded.
However, if the owner decided to use them without sanding them, then they are susceptible even without sanding.
Beds were made by tying ropes under the frame and then tightening them to form a support (hence the phrase sleep tight!). The ropes ran the length and the breadth of the bed. According to Rabbi Meir, as soon as three rows are made in each direction, the bed is usable and is susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
תמחוי המזנון (a plate with many partitions – each of which, if separated, may be a receptacle) – a very large dish and within it are small dishes, and they place on each of the smaller dishes a course of cooked food. And because there is within it many different kinds, it is called תמחוי המזנון/a plate with many partitions. And in Aramaic translation it is called למינו לזנוהי.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אפיפורין (saddle cloth – protuberance/shape of the human buttock) – the seat of limbs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
המגס (tray, plate, dish) – the Aramaic translation of קערה מגיסתא/a dish from a tray.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קוד הבבלי (wooden Babylonian bowl – fragments of which may be used as a receptacle) – like a kind of wooden dish. And it is the language of the Sages, as it is explained, of a מקדה בזויה/fragment of a degraded vessel used for carrying fire. And all of these vessels, even though they were divided, remained in each section of them the form of a vessel. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
משישופם בעור הדג (from when he rubs them with fish skin) – to remove the chips that are in them. For prior to this, they are not appropriate for the work, that they wound the skin. But if they are not lacking anything other than the rubbing of glistening and scouring/washing, we hold [see Tractate Hullin 25a]: “unfinished wood vessels that is to be adorned with designs and polished are ritually impure.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
גמר שלא לשוף – he determined in his heart to use them even though he will not polish/rub them any further.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שלשה בתים – when they make a partition by means of net-work/like lattices to the bed with ropes, between each rope it is called a בית/row. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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