Комментарий к Келим 11:6
פִּיקָה שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. הַכּוּשׁ, וְהָאִימָּה, וְהַמַּקֵּל, וְסִמְפּוֹנְיָה, וְחָלִיל שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאִין. וּמְצֻפִּין, טְהוֹרִים. סִמְפּוֹנְיָה, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל כְּנָפַיִם, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה:
Металлическая ручка-шпиндель: Раввин Акива заявляет, что он подвержен загрязнению, но Мудрецы заявляют, что он не восприимчив. Если это было только покрыто металлом, это чисто. Шпиндель, шпилька, стержень, двойная канавка и труба: если они из металла, они подвержены загрязнению, но если они покрыты только металлом, они чисты. Двойная канавка: если у нее есть гнездо для крыльев, то в любом случае она подвержена загрязнению.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
פיקה (whorl/spindle knob) – like a small ball that is perforated in the middle that women place at the top of the spindle when they spin with it in order that it becomes heavy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A metal spindle-knob:
Rabbi Akiva says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is not susceptible. If it was only plated [with metal] it is clean. A metal-spindle knob is placed on top of the spindle used in spinning wool. According to the sages, it does not have its own name and therefore it is clean. Rabbi Akiva holds that it does have its own name, so it is susceptible. Rabbi Akiva agrees that if it is only covered with metal, it is considered a simple wooden vessel, and it is not susceptible.
Rabbi Akiva says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is not susceptible. If it was only plated [with metal] it is clean. A metal-spindle knob is placed on top of the spindle used in spinning wool. According to the sages, it does not have its own name and therefore it is clean. Rabbi Akiva holds that it does have its own name, so it is susceptible. Rabbi Akiva agrees that if it is only covered with metal, it is considered a simple wooden vessel, and it is not susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
רבי עקיבא מטמא – for it is a metal vessel that has a designation/name of its own, and it is ritually impure, as it is taught in the Mishnah at the beginning of the chapter (Tractate Kelim, Chapter 11, Mishnah 2).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A spindle, a distaff, a rod, a double flute and a pipe are susceptible to impurity if they are of metal, but if they are only plated [with metal] they are clean. All of these vessels have their own name and therefore they are all susceptible to impurity, if made of metal. However, if they are only covered with metal, but their base is wood they are not susceptible, because they do not have a receptacle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וחכמים מטהרין – that it doesn’t have a designation/name of its own but rather an epithet, a spindle knob of reed used as a spindle, or a spindle knob of a that same thing that it uses. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a double flute has a receptacle for the wings it is susceptible to impurity in either case. If the double-flute has a receptacle in which to receive "wings" which somehow make other types of musical noises, then it is susceptible even if it is made of wood. Wooden vessels are not-susceptible only if they have no receptacle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ומצפה (and if it is overlaid) – if it was of wood and it is overlaid with metal, it is ritually impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טהורה – that after the essence we follow, but not after the covering/overlaying which is of metal which is ritually impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כוש – a spindle that the women spin on.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והמקל (and the staff) – of metal which is rituall impure, for since a person chastises the animal with it, it is considered like a vessel that is made for the use by a person.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
סמפוניא (a wind instrument) – a kind of musical instrument, as it is written in Daniel (3:5): "פסנתרין סומפניה [וכל הני זמרא]"/”psaltery, bagpipe, [and all other types of instruments].”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וחליל – even it is a kind of musical instrument, and it is hollowed out and its sound is heard from a [great] distance.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ומצופין אהורים – if it is of wood and is overlaid with ritually impure copper, it is [considered] ritually pure. For we follow after the essence of the vessel which is of wood. And if it has a receptacle, it is not considered, even though it is hollow, since it is not made for the receptacle. ‘
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אם יש לה בית קיבול כפנים (if it has a receptacle for the wings [= bags of the bagpipe]) – small thin vessels in the image of wings, which we put into the wind instrument (i.e., bagpipe), that assist in projecting the sound of the music, if they made it within the place of the receptacle of these wings (i.e., the bags of the bagpipe), it is considered a receptacle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ובין כך ובין כך – whether it is overlaid or whether it is not overlaid, it is ritually impure.
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