Комментарий к Хулин 4:2
הַמְבַכֶּרֶת הַמַּקְשָׁה לֵילֵד, מְחַתֵּךְ אֵבָר אֵבָר וּמַשְׁלִיךְ לַכְּלָבִים. יָצָא רֻבּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה יִקָּבֵר, וְנִפְטְרָה מִן הַבְּכוֹרָה:
[Для] животного, беременного своим первенцем, у которого возникают трудности при родах, один [может] отрезать конечность от конечности [от плода] и бросить ее собакам. [Если] большая часть его выпячивается, он должен быть похоронен, и [мать] освобождается от [законов, касающихся] первенца.
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
מהבכרת המקשה לילד – with the first of her womb. It is permitted to cut it up limb by limb when it comes outfirst.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
Introduction
A first born animal is holy and if it dies must be buried. In contrast, the meat of other animals can be given to dogs to eat. Our mishnah deals with an animal having trouble giving birth to her first born.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ומשליך לכלבים – for as long as its majority had not left [the womb], it is not holy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If an animal giving birth for the first time was having difficulty, one may cut off each limb [as it comes out] and throw it to the dogs. This halakhah accords with the general principle we learned in yesterday’s mishnah. Since the fetus is still inside the womb, it is not considered a separate life. Rather it is considered to be one of its mother’s limbs. Therefore, it can be cut out and fed to the dogs. Note that the Mishnah uses the phrase “throw it to the dogs” because this is what the Torah states may be done with a nevelah, an animal that died without having been slaughtered.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
יצא רובו – as one [complete animal], and [then] he cut it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If the greater portion came forth it must be buried, and she is exempt from the law of the firstling. Once the majority of the fetus has emerged from its mother’s womb, it is considered as being born. From this point forth if one has to cut it up to save its mother (which is permitted) the flesh cannot be thrown to the dogs. Rather it must be buried, as is the rule for all firstlings that die. Furthermore, once the fetus is born, the next offspring born to this mother is not considered to be a firstling. Some commentators hold that this clause “she is exempt from the law of the firstling” applies to both clauses of the mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
הרי זה יקבר – for with the exit of most, the sanctity takes effect upon it and we call it (Deuteronomy 15:19): “[You shall consecrate to the LORD your God all male firstlings] that are born [in your herd and in your flock.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ונפטרה מן הבכורה – that which comes after him (i.e., the first-born male animal), is not a firstling, hether it first came out limb by limb, or whether the majority of it came out as one, for the second is not the first of the womb.
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