Комментарий к Хала́ 2:2
עֲפַר חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ שֶׁבָּא בִסְפִינָה לָאָרֶץ, חַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַסְּפִינָה גוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. עִסָּה שֶׁנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וְנֶאֱכֶלֶת בְּיָדַיִם מְסוֹאָבוֹת:
Если земля из-за пределов Земли попала в Землю на лодке, то [продукт, выращенный на этой земле] подчиняется законам Маасеро [десятины] и субботнего года. Раввин Иегуда говорит, когда это время? Когда лодка касается земли. Тесто, замешенное с фруктовым соком, обязательно в Хале , и его можно есть немытыми руками.
Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
עפר חו"ל הבא מספינה לארץ – we are speaking about a perforated ship, and clods of earth close up the perforation so that water cannot enter in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Earth from outside the land has come to the land [of Israel] in a boat, [the produce grown in it] is subject to tithes and to the [law relating to] the seventh year. In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that if grain from outside the land of Israel is brought into Israel, it becomes liable for hallah. Today’s mishnah teaches that if a boat comes close to the land of Israel and there is produce in the boat, the produce is liable for tithes and it is subject to the laws governing produce grown in the seventh year, just as if the produce was grown in Israel itself.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
חייבת במעשרות – if he sowed and grew seeds in the dust/mud that is in the ship, and even though that is dust/mud from outside of the Land of Israel, for since it is perforated, the seed absorbs from the moistness of the dust/mud of the Land of Israel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Rabbi Judah: when does this apply? When the boat touches [the ground]. Rabbi Judah says that this applies only if the boat is actually touching the ground. This is interpreted as meaning that the boat is ten handbreadths from the bottom of the sea. That makes it as if the earth on the boat is attached to the ground. But if the boat was floating high on the water, its produce is exempt from these laws.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
אימתי בזמן שהספינה גוששת – it comes in contact with clumps of dust/mud, that is to say, that it is cleaves to the earth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Dough which has been kneaded with fruit-juice is subject to hallah, and may be eaten with unclean hands. Dough which is kneaded with fruit-juice instead of water is still liable for hallah. However, it cannot receive impurity because fruit-juice is not one of the seven liquids that makes produce susceptible to impurity. Therefore, the hallah separated from this dough can be eaten with unclean hands, without fear that the hallah will become impure and forbidden for consumption.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
עיסה שנילושה במי פירות חייבת בחלה – In the Jerusalem Talmud it proves a bit that the Halakha is not like the anonymous Mishnah. Dough that was kneaded in fruit juice is exempt from Hallah. Therefore, we should not knead dough that has in it the measurement for Hallah in the juice of eggs or in fruit juice alone without a combination of water, since the Halakah is not made clear if it is liable for Hallah or exempt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ונאכלת בידים מסואבות – for food does not become susceptible to becoming ritually impure until water comes upon it, or one of the seven liquids, and [just as] it does not become susceptible to becoming ritually impure, unclean hands do not defile it.
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