Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud sobre Chulin 5:3

הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְנִמְצָא טְרֵפָה, הַשּׁוֹחֵט לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְהַשּׁוֹחֵט פָּרַת חַטָּאת, וְשׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל, וְעֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְחַיְּבִין. הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְנִתְנַבְּלָה בְיָדוֹ, וְהַנּוֹחֵר, וְהַמְּעַקֵּר, פָּטוּר מִשּׁוּם אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ. שְׁנַיִם שֶׁלָּקְחוּ פָרָה וּבְנָהּ, אֵיזֶה שֶׁלָּקַח רִאשׁוֹן, יִשְׁחֹט רִאשׁוֹן. וְאִם קָדַם הַשֵּׁנִי, זָכָה. שָׁחַט פָּרָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ, סוֹפֵג שְׁמוֹנִים. שָׁחַט שְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטָהּ, סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. שְׁחָטָהּ וְאֶת בִּתָּהּ וְאֶת בַּת בִּתָּהּ, סוֹפֵג שְׁמוֹנִים. שְׁחָטָהּ וְאֶת בַּת בִּתָּהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁחַט אֶת בִּתָּהּ, סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. סוּמְכוֹס אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי מֵאִיר, סוֹפֵג שְׁמוֹנִים. בְּאַרְבָּעָה פְרָקִים בַּשָּׁנָה הַמּוֹכֵר בְּהֵמָה לַחֲבֵרוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעוֹ, אִמָּהּ מָכַרְתִּי לִשְׁחֹט, בִּתָּהּ מָכַרְתִּי לִשְׁחֹט. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, עֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁל חָג, וְעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, וְעֶרֶב עֲצֶרֶת, וְעֶרֶב רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, וּכְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, אַף עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בַּגָּלִיל. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לוֹ רֶוַח. אֲבָל יֶשׁ לוֹ רֶוַח, אֵין צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעוֹ. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּמוֹכֵר אֶת הָאֵם לֶחָתָן וְאֶת הַבַּת לַכַּלָּה, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעַ, בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם שׁוֹחֲטִין בְּיוֹם אֶחָד:

Quando um dos animais foi encontrado como Terefá, ou que havia sido abatido por idólatras, ou que era uma vaca de oferta pelo pecado, ou um boi condenado à morte, ou um bezerro cujo pescoço seria atingido, R. Shimon absolve [a pessoa que matou o segundo animal no mesmo dia] de qualquer penalidade; mas os sábios sustentam "que ele incorreu naquela [das quarenta açoites]". Quando um dos animais se torna Nevelah sendo abatido indevidamente; ou quando foi morto por uma faca sendo empurrada pelas narinas; ou que a traqueia e o esôfago foram arrancados à força, a lei contra o abate de um animal e seus filhotes no mesmo dia não é aplicável: quando uma vaca e seu bezerro foram comprados por duas pessoas, uma comprando a vaca e a outra o bezerro, o primeiro comprador tem o direito de abater sua compra primeiro; mas se o outro comprador o antecipou ao matá-lo, ele adquiriu seu direito. Se uma pessoa matou uma vaca e seus dois bezerros no mesmo dia, sofreu uma penalidade de oitenta açoites; mas se ele matou primeiro os dois bezerros, e depois a vaca, sofreu apenas uma pena de quarenta açoites. Se ele matou [no mesmo dia] uma vaca e seus filhotes, e o bezerro dessa vaca jovem, oitenta açoites lhe serão infligidas. Se ele matou [no mesmo dia] uma vaca, então o bezerro de seus filhotes e, finalmente, o próprio filhote, serão infligidas as quarenta listras. Somchos, em nome de R. Meir, diz: "oitenta [listras]". Em quatro períodos do ano, um vendedor de gado é obrigado a informar o comprador que ele havia vendido a barragem ou leer jovem no mesmo dia com o objetivo de ser abatido, a saber. no dia anterior ao último dia da Festa dos Tabernáculos, nos dias anteriores ao primeiro dia da Páscoa, na Festa das Semanas e no Ano Novo; e de acordo com R. Yose, o galileu, também no dia anterior ao dia da expiação na Galiléia. R. Yehuda diz: "Quando ele deve fornecer essas informações? Somente se não houver um intervalo de um dia entre a venda de um dos animais e a do outro; mas, se houver esse intervalo, as informações mencionadas serão não é exigido do vendedor ". R. Yehuda admite: "Se ele vendeu a represa a um noivo e o jovem a sua noiva, ele deve informá-los, porque é suposto que os dois animais serão abatidos no mesmo dia. "

Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot

There, we have stated7Mishnah Ḥulin 5:3.: “If he slaughtered her, her daughter’s daughter, and afterwards her daughter, he absorbs forty [lashes].8Really, 39 lashes, the maximum permitted (Deut. 25:3). Similarly, Symmachos’s 80 are really 78. Symmachos said in Rebbi Meïr’s name, he absorbs eighty.9Lev. 22:28: “A cow or a sheep, it and its young you shall not slaughter on the same day.” Slaughtering a cow and a second generation calf on the same day is not forbidden. If after that the calf is slaughtered on the same day, with one act he slaughters {the cow and her calf} and {the calf’s calf and her mother}. For the rabbis, violating one law by one act can be punished only once. For Symmachos, the order of execution is important; the prohibition of slaughtering the calf after its mother is separate from that of slaughtering the mother after its calf.” Rebbi Eleazar said, [Symmachos]10Missing in the text, required by the context. and Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri said the same thing, since we stated there11Mishnah Keritut 3:6. R. Eleazar’s opinion is quoted in the Babli, Keritut 14b.: “Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri said, he who copulates with his mother-in-law may be guilty because of his mother-in-law, his mother-in-law’s mother and his father-in-law’s mother. They said to him, all three fall under the same law12The relevant verse is Lev. 18:17: “The genitals of a woman and her daughter you shall not uncover; her son’s daughter and her daughter’s daughter you shall not take to uncover her nakedness; they are family, it is taboo.” The Tosephta (Keritut 1:21) explains that R. Joḥanan ben Nuri speaks about a man who married three wives, a woman and her nieces from a sister and a brother; i. e. a daughter and two granddaughters of the same woman. If the man sleeps with his mother-in-law, by one act he sleeps with a woman and her daughter, a woman and her daughter’s daughter, and a woman and her son’s daughter. If it is three times the same transgression, he is punished only once; if the one act implies three different paragraphs have been violated, he receives multiple punishment..” Rebbi Jehudah bar Pazi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Symmachos agrees to the earlier [part of the Mishnah]13Ḥulin 5:3, where it is stated that everybody agrees that if he slaughtered first the mother and after that two of her calves he is whipped “80” times but if he first slaughtered the two calves and then the mother, he is whipped only “40” times.. If was found stated, it still is in dispute14Tosephta Ḥulin 5:7: “If he slaughtered its five calves and then the cow, Symmachos said in the name of Rebbi Meïr he is guilty of five transgressions but he only is guilty for transgression of one prohibition.” This shows that Symmachos counts instances of the same prohibition separately; he cannot have the same position as R. Joḥanan ben Nuri. This is the position of Rava in the Babli, Keritut 15a; cf. צבי דור, תורת ארץ ישׂראל בבבל, דביר, תל אביב 1971, p. 42.. What is Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri’s reason? Since a woman and her daughter and a woman and her daughter’s daughter fall under two separate prohibitions15For him, the two parts of Lev. 18:17 are two separate paragraphs; for the rabbis the verse counts as only one., also a woman and her son’s daughter and her daughter’s daughter fall under two separate prohibitions. What is the reason of the rabbis? Since a woman and her daughter and a woman and her daughter’s daughter fall under one and the same prohibition, also a woman and her son’s daughter and her daughter’s daughter fall under one and the same prohibition.
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