Mulheres, escravos e menores são isentos do Shema e do tefilin. [Embora o Shema seja um mandamento positivo orientado para o tempo (mitzvath aseh shehazman grama), uma classe de mitzvá da qual as mulheres são isentas, pensaríamos que, no entanto, é obrigatório para elas porque contém a aceitação do reino de Céu—por esse motivo, devemos ser informados de outra forma. E a mitzvá de tefilin é um mandamento positivo orientado para o tempo, pois não é obtido à noite e no sábado; mas pensaríamos que, uma vez que é comparada à mezuzá, é vinculativa para as mulheres. Devemos, portanto, ser avisados de outra forma. "Menores": um pai não é obrigado a treinar no recital do Shema nem mesmo um menor que havia chegado à idade de treinar; pois nem sempre o filho se encontra com o pai no momento do recital. E um pai não era obrigado a treinar um menor nas mitsvá de tefilin, pois não se pode esperar que ele se proteja contra a expulsão do ar enquanto os usa.] E tefillah, mezuzah e o recital da graça os vinculam. [Porque tefilá é a imploração de misericórdia e uma ordenança rabínica; e foi instituído também para mulheres e para o treinamento de menores. "Mezuzá": Podemos pensar que, como a mezuzá é comparada ao estudo da Torá, assim como as mulheres são isentas do estudo da Torá, está sendo escrito (Deuteronômio 11: 9): "E você deve ensiná-las a seus filhos"—e não para suas filhas, elas também devem ser isentas da mezuzá, mesmo que não seja um mandamento positivo orientado pelo tempo; portanto, somos informados de outra maneira. "O recital da graça": está aberto a questionar se o recital da graça é obrigatório pelas Escrituras para as mulheres, sendo escrito (Deuteronômio 8:10): "E você comerá, e será saciado e abençoará"— para que seja um mandamento positivo não orientado para o tempo —ou se não é bíblicamente vinculativo para as mulheres, está sendo escrito (Ibid.): "pela boa terra que Ele te deu"; e a terra não foi dada às fêmeas. A questão não foi resolvida.]
Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin
There, we have stated576Mishnah Idiut 2:9.: “The father bestows on his son beauty, strength, riches, wisdom, and years.” From where beauty? “May Your deeds appear on Your servants, and Your glory on their sons.577Ps. 90:16.” Strength, “strong on earth will be his descendants.578Ps. 112:2.” Riches, “I was young and became old, but never saw a just man abandoned and his descendants in need of bread.579Ps. 37:25.” Wisdom, “you shall teach your sons to argue about them.569Deut. 11:19. Cf. Berakhot 2:3. Note 110, where the verse is quoted to show that daughters do not have to be instructed in Torah (Babli 29b).” Years, “that your and your sons’ days be many.580Deut. 11:21.” And just as he inherits five qualities, so he owes him the following five things. He feeds him, he gives him to drink, he clothes him, he puts on his shoes, he leads him581Peah 1:1, Note 119; Babli 31b.. That is what is written5822S. 3:29.: “This should fall on Joab’s head: sufferer from flux and from skin disease, holding the distaff, falling by the sword, and senseless.583This is a slip of the pen; later it is quoted in the language of the verse, “without bread”.” Sufferer from flux, weak. From skin disease, abandoned584Cf. Lev. 13:46.. Holding the distaff, uneducated. Falling by the sword, short lived. Without bread, poor. 585The Babylonian version is in the Babli, Sanhedrin 48b, and Num.rabba23(13). When Solomon came to kill Joab, he said to him: Your father gave me five sentences; accept them and I can be killed. He accepted them and all of them came to pass on the House of David. Sufferer from flux was Rehabeam: “King Rehabeam with difficulty climbed on his chariot to flee to Jerusalem;5861K. 12:18.” some say, he suffered from flux; some say, he was weak. Suffering from skin disease was Uziahu: “King Uziahu suffered from skin disease until the day of his death5872Chr. 26:21..” Holding the distaff was Joash: “They punished Joash5882Chr. 24:24..” Rebbi Ismael stated: 589Mekhilta dR.Ismael,Amaleq 1; Tanḥuma Bešallaḥ 25 This teaches that they gave him over to hardened hoodlums who had never known a woman and they raped him the way women are raped. That is what is written: “Israel’s pride will testify against it,590Hos. 5:5, repunctuating עָנָה to עִנָּה.” Israel’s pride will be raped in its face. Falling by the sword, this is Josiah, as is written: “The archers shot at king Josia,5912Chr. 35:23. In the text: הַיֹּרִים.” and Rebbi Joḥanan said, this teaches that they made his body like a sieve592Babli Mo‘ed qaṭan 28b; Thr.rabbati on 1:18.. Rebbi Ismael stated: 300 arrows were shot at the Eternal’s anointed. Without bread, that is Jehoiachin: “And his meal, a permanent meal was given to him,5932K. 25:30. He never had any money of his own. A completely different interpretation of the verse in Midrash Shemuel 18(5)..”
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Jerusalem Talmud Sukkah
MISHNAH: A person to whom a slave, or a woman, or a minor, read for him, repeats after them what they say, and it should be a curse for him. If a male adult reads for him, he answers halleluja after him109An illiterate who does not know the Hallel by heart, must have the psalms recited to him to make the movements prescribed in Mishnah 8. If a person who is not obligated to recite the Hallel and to move the lulav(a slave, woman, or minor) recites for him, he does not fulfill his duty by listening to them; he must repeat word for word. He is cursed for being an adult illiterate. If an obligated person reads for him, he is not different from people listening to the reader in the synagogue and answers halleluja123 times (cf. Šabbat Chapter 16, Note 59)..
