אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין לִפְנֵיהֶם. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה, הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין עַל הַדְּרָכִים, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מַפְקִירִין כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה כֻּלָּהּ:
R. Yehudah disse: No começo, eles (os deputados de beth-din expulsavam (os kilayim) e jogavam no chão diante deles [os donos do campo, para envergonhá-los.] Quando os transgressores aumentavam, eles o arrancavam e jogavam [Os proprietários se alegravam com o fato de seus campos serem arrancados por outros. Além disso, eles o colocavam antes de seus animais (para comer), quando instituíam que o lançavam nas estradas. Mas eles ainda se alegravam. na medida em que seus campos estavam sendo removidos de ervas daninhas], quando instituíram que todo o campo era declarado sem dono (hefker), [para hefker beth-din hefker (um pronunciamento "hefker" de beth-din é válido.)]
Sefer HaChinukh
From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Arakhin 18b) that we received from the tradition that these years that are stated for appraisals are measured day to day - meaning from the day of birth - and also that all the shekel-coins stated there are the holy shekels. And we have known from the received tradition that the weight of a holy shekel is three hundred and twenty barley grains of pure silver. And the Sages have already added upon it and made its weight like the weight of the coin called the sela at the time of the Second [Temple], which is three hundred and eighty-four medium barley grains (so is it in Mishneh Torah, Laws of Sheqel Dues 1:2-3). And they, may their memory be blessed, said that this sela is (four) dinar, and the dinar is six maah - and the maah is what was called gerah in the days of Moshe, as Onkelos translates gerah as maah - and its weight is sixteen barley grains.
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