Comentário sobre Zevachim 1:4
הַפֶּסַח וְהַחַטָּאת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, קִבֵּל, וְהִלֵּךְ, וְזָרַק, שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, אוֹ לִשְׁמָן וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן וְלִשְׁמָן, פְּסוּלִים. כֵּיצַד לִשְׁמָן וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, לְשֵׁם פֶּסַח וּלְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים. שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן וְלִשְׁמָן, לְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים וּלְשֵׁם הַפֶּסַח. שֶׁהַזֶּבַח נִפְסָל בְּאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים, בַּשְּׁחִיטָה וּבַקִּבּוּל וּבַהִלּוּךְ וּבַזְּרִיקָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁיר בְּהִלּוּךְ, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁחִיטָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְקַבָּלָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בִזְרִיקָה, אֲבָל אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא בְהִלּוּךְ, שׁוֹחֵט בְּצַד הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְזוֹרֵק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמְהַלֵּךְ בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לְהַלֵּךְ, הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה פוֹסֶלֶת. וּבִמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהַלֵּךְ, אֵין הַמַּחֲשָׁבָה פוֹסָלֶת:
[Se] a oferta da Páscoa e o Chattat não foram abatidos por causa própria, [ou se o sacerdote] não coletou [o sangue desses sacrifícios] por sua própria causa, ou não carregou [o sangue para o altar] por por sua própria causa, ou não aspergiu [o sangue] por sua própria causa; ou [se ele praticou esses atos] por eles e não por eles; ou [ambos] não por eles mesmos e por eles mesmos - eles são inválidos. Como pode ser tanto por eles mesmos quanto não por eles? [O sacerdote agiu] por causa de uma oferta de Páscoa e por amor a Shelamim . [Um padre agindo] não por si e por si mesmo [seria se ele agisse] por causa de um Chattat e por uma oferta de Páscoa. Pois uma oferta pode ser invalidada através de quatro coisas: através do abate, e coletando [o sangue], e carregando [o sangue ao altar], e correndo [o sangue no altar]. O rabino Shimon valida o transporte [independentemente da intenção], pois o rabino Shimon costumava dizer: É impossível [oferecer um sacrifício] sem matar, e sem coletar [o sangue] e sem correr [o sangue], mas é possível [ oferecer sacrifício] sem carregar [sangue] - alguém mata ao lado do altar e corre [de onde está]. O rabino Eliezer diz: [se] alguém carrega [sangue] em um caso em que ele precisa carregá-lo, o pensamento [impróprio] invalida [a oferta]; [se] ele o carrega em um caso em que não precisa carregá-lo, o pensamento [impróprio] não invalida [a oferta].
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Or in their own name and not in their own name, or not in their own name and in their own name, they are disqualified.
What is the case of ‘in their own name and not in their own name’? In the name of it being a pesah [first] and [then] in the name of it being a shelamim.
‘Not in their own name and in their own name:’ in the name of a shelamim [first] and [then] in the name of a pesah.
For a sacrifice can be disqualified in [any one of] the four elements: slaughtering, receiving, carrying and sprinkling.
Rabbi Shimon declares it valid if carried [with the wrong intent], for Rabbi Shimon said: it is impossible [to have a valid sacrifice] without slaughtering, without receiving and without sprinkling, but it is possible without carrying. [How so]? One slaughters it at the side of the altar and sprinkles.
Rabbi Elazar says: if one goes where he needs to go, an [illegitimate] intention disqualifies [it]; where he doesn’t need to go, an [illegitimate] intention does not disqualify [it].
Section one: This section expands upon the halakhah that we learned in mishnah one, that a pesah or a hatat that were offered with the intent of their being a different sacrifice are disqualified. Here we learn two new halakhot. First of all, if any of the other essential parts of the sacrifice are done with the intent of the sacrifice being something else other than a pesah or a hatat, the sacrifice is invalid. The four essential elements of sacrifices are: slaughtering, receiving the blood, carrying it to the altar and sprinkling it on the altar.
Sections 2-4: The second new law we learn is that if one of these actions is done with the proper intent, but another of the actions is done with the improper intent, the sacrifice is invalid. The mishnah now illustrates this. If the sacrifice is supposed to be a pesah and it is first done in the name of it being a pesah and then later on the priest is confused and performs one of the later actions with the intent of it being a shelamim, the sacrifice is invalid. The same is true if at first he has the wrong intention and then when performing one of the later actions he has the correct intention. In either case the sacrifice is disqualified.
Section five: This supports what was stated above in section one any of the four essential aspects of the sacrifice can also serve as potential disqualifiers, if the intention is incorrect.
Section six: Rabbi Shimon disagrees with the statement in section five and holds that if the sacrifice’s blood is carried to the altar with the wrong intent, it is not disqualified because carrying is not essential to all sacrifices. Theoretically, one could slaughter a sacrifice right next to the altar and then sprinkle the blood without having to carry the blood from the point of slaughter to the altar.
Section seven: If the person is carrying the blood from the point at which he slaughtered it to the altar and while doing so he has the intention that it should be a different sacrifice, then the sacrifice is disqualified. However, if he slaughtered it next to the altar and received the blood in a vessel right there and then brought the blood elsewhere, an action that he did not need to do, and while carrying it he intended to offer it as another sacrifice, then the sacrifice is not disqualified, at least according to Rabbi Elazar. This carrying of the blood was unnecessary and therefore his intents at that moment do not factor into determining the validity of the sacrifice.