Comentário sobre Tahorot 9:5
הַמַּנִּיחַ זֵיתִים בַּכּוֹתֵשׁ שֶׁיִּמְתֹּנוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ נוֹחִין לִכְתֹּשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִים. שֶׁיִּמְתֹּנוּ שֶׁיִּמְלָחֵם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מֻכְשָׁרִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִים. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים בְּיָדַיִם טְמֵאוֹת, טִמְּאָן:
Quem deixa as azeitonas na prensa para amolecer para serem mais fáceis de pressionar, é assim preparado (por impureza, pelo líquido que emerge delas). Se [deixamos azeitonas em uma prensa] para amolecerem para serem salgadas, Beit Shammai diz: elas estão preparadas [para a impureza]; e Beit Hillel diz: eles não estão preparados. Quem esmaga azeitonas com mãos impuras, torna-as impuras.
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
המניח זיתים בכותש (he who places olives in a basket in which olives are kept for softening) – We have the reading. And it is is a large basket that they place the olives into to shrink them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who put his olives in a basket that they might be softened so that they will be easy to press, they become susceptible to uncleanness; The olives put into this basket to be softened so that they can be crushed will expel some sap. The sap causes them to be susceptible to impurity. This is because the person wants them to expel some of their juices, for in the end he is going to crush them to make olive oil in any case.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
שימתונו – that they will be softened and they will be moist. And there are books where we have the reading of "בכותש"/in an olive basket, that we place them in a cavity for many days in order that they will become loose and soft and they will be easy to press.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
[If he put them in a basket] to be softened so that they may be salted: Bet Shammai says: they become susceptible. Bet Hillel says: they do not become susceptible. In contrast, if he puts them in a basket to soften so that they can be salted, Bet Hillel holds that they are not susceptible to impurity. This is because he doesn't really want them to expel their liquid. Bet Shammai holds that they are susceptible to impurity even in this case. It is possible that Bet Shammai simply holds that susceptibility to impurity is not dependent upon a person's intention whether the person wants the liquid to have contacted the produce or not. This is typical of a Shammaite system of halakhah the halakhah is less determined by intention and more determined by reality, i.e. what actually happened.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הרי אלו מוכשרים – with thin secretion/sap that exudes from them, for the work of preparing them is completed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who splits his olives with unwashed hands, he causes them to be unclean. Here he clearly intends for the liquid to come out and therefore even Bet Hillel agrees that the liquid causes them to be susceptible. Since his hands have not been washed, we assume that they are impure and the olives are impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
The School of Hillel states that they are not susceptible [to receive ritual defilement] for the work of preparing them is not yet completed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הפוצע זיתים (he who crushes olives)- he who crushes them with unwashed hands.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
טימאן- for unwashed hands invalidate/make unfit the heave-offering, and all who invalidate the heave-offering defiles liquid to be first-degree [of ritual impurity]. And they are made fit for Levitical uncleanness through their crushing, for it is satisfactory for him with liquid that drips on them, and through this, they increase the taste.
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