Comentário sobre Taanit 3:3
וְכֵן עִיר שֶׁלֹּא יָרְדוּ עָלֶיהָ גְשָׁמִים, דִּכְתִיב (עמוס ד) וְהִמְטַרְתִּי עַל עִיר אֶחָת וְעַל עִיר אַחַת לֹא אַמְטִיר, חֶלְקָה אַחַת תִּמָּטֵר וְגוֹ', אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר מִתְעַנָּה וּמַתְרַעַת, וְכָל סְבִיבוֹתֶיהָ, מִתְעַנּוֹת וְלֹא מַתְרִיעוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מַתְרִיעוֹת וְלֹא מִתְעַנּוֹת:
E assim, se nenhuma chuva tivesse caído sobre uma cidade em particular semelhante à que está escrita (Amós 4: 7): "Eu fiz chover em uma cidade e fiz com que não chovesse em outra cidade, uma peça foi chovida , "etc.) [os habitantes de] uma cidade assim devem jejuar e soar um alarme, e os dos lugares circunvizinhos jejuarão, mas não soarão. O rabino Akivah diz: "eles devem soar, mas não em jejum".
Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
וכל סביבותיה מתענות – since that city where rain did not fall would have to go to buy grain in a city where [rain] fell and there would be famine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
Introduction
This mishnah teaches that if the drought was local, then the fasts are only performed locally as well.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
And so too a city, upon which no rain has fallen as it is written, “And I caused it to rain upon one city, and I caused it not to rain upon another city; one piece was rained upon…” (Amos 4:7) that city fasts and they sound a blast, but those [in the places] around it fast but do not sound the alarm. Rabbi Akiva says: they sound the alarm but do not fast. The quote from Amos shows that droughts can be localized and that God can send a drought upon one city, but not upon another. In such a case that city fasts and performs the entire ritual. The surrounding cities partially join in the fast as a show of support. However they do not fully join in, because it is, after all, raining in their city. It seems that partial fasting/sounding the shofar is to show both their empathy for their fellow Israelites and yet at the same time show their gratitude to God for causing it to rain on their town. The sages and Rabbi Akiva debate concerning which part of the fasting ritual is observed by those in the neighboring town. The sages say that they fast but do not blow the shofar whereas Rabbi Akiva holds the opposite.
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