Comentário sobre Mikvaot 8:5
נִדָּה שֶׁנָּתְנָה מָעוֹת בְּפִיהָ וְיָרְדָה וְטָבְלָה, טְהוֹרָה מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה הִיא עַל גַּב רֻקָּהּ. נָתְנָה שְׂעָרָהּ בְּפִיהָ, קָפְצָה יָדָהּ, קָרְצָה שִׂפְתוֹתֶיהָ, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבְלָה. הָאוֹחֵז בְּאָדָם וּבְכֵלִים וּמַטְבִּילָן, טְמֵאִין. וְאִם הֵדִיחַ אֶת יָדוֹ בַּמַּיִם, טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יְרַפֶּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם מָיִם. בֵּית הַסְּתָרִים, בֵּית הַקְּמָטִים, אֵינָן צְרִיכִין שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶן מָיִם:
Se um niddah colocava dinheiro em sua boca e descia e mergulhava, ela é pura de sua impureza [que ela possuía antes], mas é [novamente tornada] impura por causa de sua saliva [a saliva do dinheiro, oposta a aquilo que está em sua boca naturalmente a torna impura]. Se ela colocava os cabelos na boca, juntava as mãos ou franzia os lábios, é como se não mergulhasse. Se alguém agarrar uma pessoa ou vasos enquanto os mergulha, eles são impuros. Se alguém lavou a mão com água [antes de agarrá-los], eles são puros. O rabino Shimon diz: ele deve afrouxar o punho para que as águas possam cercá-los. Áreas e fendas ocultas [no corpo] não precisam das águas para cercá-las.
Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
טהורה מטומאתה – from the defilement of being a menstruant woman, and she is permitted to [have sexual relations with] her husband.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
Introduction
Today's mishnah is about things that block the water of the mikveh from having full contact with the body such that proper immersion occurs. The Hebrew term for this is "hatzitzah."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
אבל טמאה על גב רוקה – as a result of the coins prior to the [ritual] immersion. And she is impure from the law of contact, for her spittle defiles through contact and carrying.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
If a menstruant placed coins in her mouth and went down and immersed herself, she becomes clean from her [former] uncleanness, but she becomes unclean on account of her spittle. The coins that are found in a menstruant's mouth do not block her from becoming clean from her impurity, because one does not need to immerse the inside of one's mouth. However, she is made unclean immediately by the spittle that is found on the coins. This spittle is considered to have separated from her and landed on the coins and from there it re-defiles the woman.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
נתנה שערה בפיה – and the water did not come on to her hair.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
If she put her hair in her mouth or closed her hand or pressed her lips tightly, it is as though she had not immersed herself. While she need not cleanse the inside of her mouth, she does need to cleanse her hair, the palms of her hands and the outside parts of her lips. If she prevents the water from getting to these spots, then she remains impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
קרצה שפתותיה (if – in taking a ritual immersion – she pressed her lips together) – she pushed her lips greatly this one on that that one.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
If a person held on to another man or to vessels and immersed them, they remain unclean; but if he had washed his hand before in the water, they become clean. Rabbi Shimon says: he should hold them loosely that water may enter into them. By holding on tightly to the other person or to vessels, he blocks the water from reaching the spots where he is holding them. Therefore, the person he is holding or the vessels remain unclean. However, if he washed his hands in the mikveh before he immerses, then the water that is on his hands joins the water that is in the mikveh and there is no blockage. Rabbi Shimon says that this is not sufficient. He should let his hands hold them loosely so that water comes between his hands and the vessels or the other person.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
כאילו לא טבלה – and is forbidden to her husband as she was.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
The hidden or wrinkled parts of the body do not need that water should enter into them. The hidden parts include, for instance, the inside of one's mouth or the inside one's ears. The wrinkled parts might include a wrinkle of fat, or something of that nature. These parts do not need to come into contact with water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
האוחז באדם ובכלים ומטבילן טמאין – for in the place of his holding [them], the water did not come.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
ואם הדיח ידיו במים טהורים – since the liquid that is on his hands combines to the waters of the Mikveh and further there is no interposition/an intervening object.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
ר' שמעון אומר ירפה (he should loosen his hold on the objects – so that water can come in contact with them) – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
בית הסתרים (the covered parts of the body/posteriors) – as for example, within the ear and within the nose and within the mouth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
בית הקמטין (parts of the body which have folds) – of the arm-pit and of the nakedness [of the person immersing]. Alternatively, the folds of an old man and an old woman whose flesh is folded/wrinkled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
אין צריך שיבואו בהן מים – as it is written (Leviticus 15:11): “If one with a discharge, without having rinsed his hands in water [touches another person, that person shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain impure until morning],” for with rinsing of his hands the person with gonorrhea is [ritually] purified, but isn’t immersion of all of the boy in living waters is what he needs, but rather to inform you, just as his hands are as it appears, also all of his body is as it appears, except for the covered parts of the body. But nevertheless, the Sages say that a person should always accustom in his home that woman rinses her folds hat the time of her ritual immersion, assuming that the water doesn’t have to come upon them, [but] the place that is appropriate for water to come upon it, we require it.
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