Se um trabalhador contratado trabalha com figos ruins, ele não pode comer figos brancos. Se entre os figos brancos, ele não pode comer de figos ruins, mas deve se conter até chegar ao lugar dos melhores figos, e [ali] ele pode comer. Se um homem trocar com seu amigo, [figos] devem ser comidos para [figos] serem comidos, ou [figos] devem ser secos para [figos] para serem secos ou [figos] para serem comidos por [figos] para ser seco, então ele é obrigado [a dar o dízimo]. O rabino Yehudah diz: quem troca por [figos] deve ser comido é necessário, mas [por figos] a serem secos é isento.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
בלבסים – a kind from the species of bad figs (Lesbians/early figs).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with when a worker working in field must tithe his produce. Some of the concepts of this mishnah were already taught in Bava Metzia 7:4.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
בבנות שבע – a kind of white and good fig.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If a man is working [as a hired worker] among cooking figs, he may not eat of white figs, and if among white figs, he may not eat of cooking figs, but he may restrain himself until he reaches the place where there are the better figs, and then he may eat. While working in the field, a worker may only eat from the type of produce that he is working with. Thus, if he is working with one type of figs, he cannot eat from another type. However, he can wait until he begins to work with the better type of figs and then he may eat from them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לא איכל בבנות שבע – as it is written (Deuteronomy 23:25): “When you enter another man’s vineyard and you eat as many grapes,” what does the inference teach us, “you eat grapes,” for don’t we know that there isn’t anything in a vineyard other than grapes? From here, if he was working with figs, he should not eat grapes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If a man exchanges with his friend either [figs] for eating for [figs] for eating, or [figs] to be dried for figs [to be dried], of figs [for eating] for figs [to be dried], then he is liable to give tithes. According to the opinion in this section, when one exchanges any type of figs, figs that are going to be eaten fresh (what the mishnah calls “for eating) or figs that are going to dried, the exchange is treated like a purchase and neither party can eat of the figs before they are tithed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
אבל מונע את עצמו – a worker is permitted to prevent himself that he should not eat a the time that he is working with the bad ones until he reaches to good ones, and he eats from the good ones that which he could have eaten from the bad ones.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Rabbi Judah says: one who exchanges [figs] for [other figs for eating] is liable, but [if for figs] for drying he is exempt. Rabbi Judah says that if he exchanges his figs for other figs that are going to be dried out, then he can eat the figs he gets without first tithing them, because their work has not yet been completed. Rabbi Judah holds that purchasing makes produce liable for tithes only if its work has been completed. If he exchanges the figs for figs that he intends to eat fresh, then their work has been completed, and he cannot eat of them until they are tithed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
זה לאכול וזה לאכול – you should eat from my figs and I will eat from yours.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
זה לאכול וזה לקצות – you eat from my fig-harvest that are spread out to dry or the cut pieces with the tool for cutting fig-cakes (i.e., the knife or saw) and I eat from your fig-harvest; in each of these there is a purchase and it establishes [the obligation] for tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
המחליף לאכול חייב, לקצות פטור – for a purchase does not establish the thing where the work had not been completed. Therefore, these fig-harvests where their work was not completed, the purchase does not establish them [as liable for tithing] and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
