Comentário sobre Kelim 2:7
הַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה שְׁלֵמָה, וְטַבְלָה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה קְעָרוֹת. נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶם בְּשֶׁרֶץ, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּם. אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, נִטְמְאָה אַחַת מֵהֶם, נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּן. וְכֵן בֵּית תְּבָלִין שֶׁל חֶרֶס, וְקַלְמָרִים הַמְּתֹאָמוֹת. וּבֵית תְּבָלִין שֶׁל עֵץ, שֶׁנִּטְמָא אֶחָד בְּמַשְׁקֶה, לֹא נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, חוֹלְקִין אֶת עָבְיוֹ. הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ לִזְבֵּז עוֹדֵף, נִטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶם, נִטְמָא חֲבֵרוֹ:
Entre os recipientes de barro, eles são suscetíveis à impureza ritual: uma bandeja com aro, uma panela de fogo ininterrupta e uma bandeja composta de vários pratos. Se um deles foi tornado impuro por um sheretz [uma das várias criaturas rastejantes], eles não são todos tornados impuros; mas se a bandeja tinha um aro mais alto [do que os pratos componentes] e um prato se tornava impuro, todos se tornam impuros. O mesmo acontece com um pote de barro ou um tinteiro duplo. Mas se uma parte de uma panela de madeira é imunda por um líquido, a outra não é imunda. O rabino Yochanan ben Nuri diz: eles dividem a espessura da partição e a metade que serve a parte impura é considerada impura, e a metade que serve a parte pura é considerada pura. Mas se tivesse um aro mais alto e uma parte se tornasse impura, a outra parte também se tornará impura.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טבלא שיש לה לזבז ומחתה שלימה (a tray which has a rim and a complete firepan) – that it has sides/walls, they are impure, that they have a receptacle. But from the first clause [of the Mishnah] that the pure things are in an earthenware vessel, we would learn that these are impure, but it is the manner that they taught it as such, as is taught [in the Mishnah] in the Chapter “These are the Terefah [carcasses] among Cattle”/אלו טרפות (Chapter 3 in Tractate Hullin) [43a] and there are many in the Mishnah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Our Mishnah deals with some vessels that have multiple parts. The main issue at hand is whether all parts become unclean if one part does.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טבלא – of earthenware.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The following among earthen vessels are susceptible to impurity:
A tray with a rim, This is the opposite of the tray mentioned in Mishnah three, which did not have a rim.
A tray with a rim, This is the opposite of the tray mentioned in Mishnah three, which did not have a rim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מלאה קערות (which is full of plates) – that is made of plate after plate, and the plates/dishes are from its body and are attached to (i.e., the tray).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
An unbroken fire-pan, Also referred to in mishnah three.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ואם יש לה לזבז עודף (overhanging rim) – if the rim of the tray surrounding the overhang and rises up beyond the lip of the plates/dishes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
And a tray made up of dishes, If one of them was defiled by a [dead] creeping thing they do not all become unclean, But if it had a rim that projected above the rims of the dishes and one of them was defiled all are unclean. The mishnah refers to a tray that has dishes attached to it. If one dish is defiled, the others remain pure. However, if the tray has a rim above it that surrounds all of the dishes, it joins them into one vessel. In such a case if one dish is defiled, all are unclean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נטמאת אחת מהן נטמאו כולן – that when the unclean reptile/creeping thing enters into the lip of the dish, it has already entered the airspace of the overhanging rim all around, and all of the tray is defiled, for earthenware vessels are defiled from its airspace, and when the entire tray is defiled, all of the plates which are part of it are defiled.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Similarly with an earthen spice-box and a double ink-pot. If one container was defiled from a liquid, the other is not unclean. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: its thickness is divided and that side which serves the unclean one is unclean while that which serves the clean one remains clean. If its rim projects above the others and one of them contracted impurity the other is unclean. These two vessels also have multiple parts, such that if one is defiled the other is not. For instance if the liquid in one side becomes impure by contact with a sheretz, the liquid only touches the outside wall of the other side of the vessel and vessels are not defiled by having their outsides defiled by a liquid. However, if the sheretz had touched the vessel itself, one side of the wooden vessel will convey its impurity to the other side. This is a subject to which we return later in the tractate. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says that the wall that separates the two sides can be divided in two. The side that was on the impure half is impure, whereas the side on the half that didn't come into direct contact with the liquid remains clean. Finally, as in the previous case, if there is a rim that projects above and around both sides, it serves to join the two separate halves into one vessel, meaning that all sides are defiled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בית התבלין (spice pot) – earthenware vessel made squarely, to give in each square one species of spaces so that they will not become combined with each other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קלמרים המתואמות (the double inkstand) – a vessel that is made to place in it the ink and the reed/writing utensil and the utensils that the scribe needs. And it is also made as a double square, and in our lands, there are many of them, and we call them KALMARI in the foreign tongue.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בית תבלין של עץ – that is also made squarely, but it does not have an overhanging rim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שנטמא אחד מהן במשקה – for the Rabbis decreed on liquids that come on account of a creeping thing/unclean reptile to defile vessels as a decree because of the liquid of the man and/or woman with a flux, who defile vessels according to the Torah. And especially when it was defiled with liquids, its fellow is not defiled, for when a vessel that its outsides/backsides were defiled by liquids, its inside is not defiled, therefore when one of them with liquids, there is a wall/side of impurity on its backside of its neighbor but its neighbor is not defiled. But with the regarding the defilement of a creeping thing/unclean reptile according to the Torah, wherever it came in contact with/touched the vessel whether from its backside or whether from its inside, all of it is defiled, if one of them is defiled, its neighbor/fellow is defiled, for the defilement touches it from its outside/backside. But an earthenware vessel is not susceptible to receive defilement from its outside, but only from its inside, even with the defilement of a creeping thing/unclean reptile, if one of them was defiled, its neighbor is not defiled, for the inside of this one becomes the backside/outside of its neighbor for earthenware vessels are not defiled from its outside but not regarding the defilement of liquids that all of it is defiled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חולקין את עוביו (they divide its thickness) – a thick and wide wall that is between two squares, we cast half to this side and half to that side with the defilement of liquids according to the Rabbis, but the half of the thickness of the wall that is from the side that is pure is pure. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri.
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