Se alguém estivesse na estrada e começasse a escurecer, ele reconhecesse uma árvore ou uma cerca [a qual ele poderia ter alcançado antes que escurecesse, mas estava cansado e desejava descansar em seu lugar], e disse: : "Minha habitação está embaixo dela", ele não disse nada. [Como ele não deixou explícito quais os quatro côvados que escolheu debaixo da árvore, isso não constitui (aquisição de) habitação, e ele tem apenas quatro côvados onde está. Pois ele não adquiriu habitação em seu lugar, pois "desenraizou" essa intenção. E ele, da mesma forma, não a adquiriu debaixo da árvore. Isso ocorre apenas quando há oito côvados ou mais embaixo da árvore; nesse caso, pode-se dizer que ele escolheu um lado ou outro, para que não haja designação específica. Mas com sete côvados, forçosamente, "parte de sua casa" (isto é, habitação) é distinguível no côvado do meio. Pois se ele escolheu quatro côvados no meio da árvore, é (parte) deles; e se (ele escolheu quatro côvados) de cada lado, é deles— para que ele adquira habitação lá.] (Se ele dissesse :) "Minha habitação está em seu tronco" [[Desde que ele designou o local que a habitação adquire para ele)], ele caminha a uma distância de dois mil côvados de seus pés. até o tronco e do tronco até a casa dele, dois mil côvados — de modo que quando a escuridão desce, ele andou uma distância de quatro mil côvados.
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
והיה מכיר אילן או גדר – that he is able to arrive there prior to it getting dark, but that he is tired and wants to rest in his place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah discusses a person who doesn’t make it back to his town before Shabbat begins, but arrives at a place where he recognizes a tree or a fence within 2000 cubits from his town.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
לא אמר כלום – since he did not specify which four cubits he chose for himself from under the tree it is not a Sabbath resting place, and he has nothing other than the four cubits where he is, for he did not acquire a Sabbath resting place in his location since he uprooted his mind from making a Sabbath resting place here and also under the tree, he did not acquire a Sabbath resting place but these words apply when there are eight cubits or more underneath the tree for it would be possible to state that he chose this side or that he chose that side and there wouldn’t be a conclusion, but seven cubits, by force, part of his home would be recognized with the middle cubit, for it is impossible that he did not specify/verify, for if it was the middle of the tree, he specified four cubits, they are part of that, or if it were from one side or the other side, it is part of them, therefore, he acquired there [a Sabbath resting place].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
One who was on a journey and it became dark, and he recognized a tree or a fence and said, “Let my Shabbat place be under it”, he has said nothing. A “Shabbat place” is the place from which we measure the 2000 cubits which a person may walk on Shabbat. One who says “let my Shabbat place be under it [the tree or fence]” is not specific enough because he did not say which four cubits under the tree will be his “Shabbat place”. In the Talmud, two amoraim (sages who lived after the Mishnah) debate what this means. According to Rav, he cannot even walk to the tree and all he has is four cubits in each direction. Since he did not acquire a Shabbat place under the tree, he has no Shabbat place at all. According to Shmuel, he may walk to the tree or fence, but he may not walk from there to his house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אמר שביתתי בעיקרו – for since he concluded his place of that Sabbath resting place, he acquires for himself two thousand [cubits] to the side of his feet and two thousand [cubits] to the side of his house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If he said, “Let my Shabbat place be at its root”, he may walk from the place where he stands to its root a distance of two thousand cubits, and from its root to his house another two thousand cubits. Thus he can walk four thousand cubits after dusk. If he says “at its root”, then he has been specific about where he wants his Shabbat place to be, and he may go from his current position to the tree and then from the tree to his home. His Shabbat place is at the tree or fence and so he may walk 2000 cubits to get there and then another 2000 cubits in all directions from there.
